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cellular respiration > Anarobic cellular respiration > Flashcards

Anarobic cellular respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the metabolic structure

A
  • glucose
  • hemoglobin
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • mitochondria
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2
Q

What is anaerobic cellular respiration

A

a series of enzymes that cause a redox reaction that converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

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3
Q

controlled oxidation vs rapid combustion

A

controlled oxidation
- in cells controlled by a series of enzymes meditated reactions - energy released is transferred to the next step little lost to thermal
rapid combustion
- all energy given off at once cannot be easily harnessed to drive the metabolic reaction

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4
Q

What are the four stages of the anaerobic reaction

A
  • glycolysis
  • pyruvate oxidation
  • citric acid cycle
  • electron transportation chain
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5
Q

What is a brief description of glycolysis

A
  • takes place in the living cell
  • occurs in the cytoplasm
  • occurs in anaerobic conditions (no oxygen)
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6
Q

What does glycolysis consists of

A

10 enzymes - catalyzed reactions that oxidizes glucose (6 carbons) and 2 molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons)

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7
Q

What happens after the catalyzed reactions

A
  • 2 ATP is added to split glucose into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
  • G3P is further oxidized to produce 2 ATP, 2 NADH molecules, and form 2 molecules of pyruvate
  • the potential released in the oxidization produced ATP and NADH
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8
Q

What is glucose required to break down

A
  • split glucose into G3P
  • energy is produced as G3P is converted to pyruvate
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9
Q

What happens at the end of gycolysis

A
  • ATP is produced through subtrate level phosphorylation
  • all 6 carbons are still present
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10
Q

What is the pyruvate oxidation

A
  • occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
  • converts each molecule of pyruvate into 1 acetyl - CoA (used in the citric acid cycle), 1 molecule of NADH (used in ETC), and 1 carbon dioxide
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11
Q

What is the citric acid cycle

A
  • also called the Krebs cycle (named after Hans Krebs)
  • occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
  • by the end, the entire molecule of glucose has been used up and converted into Carbon dioxide
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12
Q

What does the citric acid cycle convert Acetyl Co-A into

A
  • 3 NADH
  • 1 FADH2
  • 2 carbon dioxide
    -1 ATP
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13
Q

Citric acid overview

A
  • acetyl - CoA (2 carbon) reacts with oxaloacetate (4 carbon) to form citrate (6 carbon)
  • citrate is gradually oxidized and eventually converted back to oxaloacetate
  • Note: where H2O is used and CO2 is released
  • production of NADH, FADH2, ATP
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14
Q

What are the details of ETC

A
  • occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondria
    uses NADH and FADH2 to produce 32 molecules of ATP and 6 water molecule
  • energy released from the oxidation of the NADH and FADH2 is used to move H+ into the inter membrane space of the mitochondria
  • this creates an electro-chemical gradient that is the ultimate source of energy needed to create ATP
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15
Q

How does ETC occure

A
  • electrons are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to oxygen through 4 protein complexes and 2 electron shuttles in the membrane
  • protein complexes are ordered in electonegitivity to pull electrons along the chain
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16
Q

What is protein complex 2 used for

A

used to oxidize FADH2 and join the chain

17
Q

What happens when electrons move along the chain

A
  • energy is released to transport H+ across the membrane creating a concentration gradient
  • oxygen is the final acceptor of electons that pass through ETC
18
Q

What are mobile electron shuttle

A

used to move electron

19
Q

How do electrons move across the chain

A
  • oxygen has the highest electronegativity pulling the electron from complex 4
  • this causes it to take from complex 3 and complex 1
20
Q

Why is oxygen important

A
  • oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons that pass through the ETC cycle
  • electrons release energy - this energy pumps hydrogen ions into the inner membrane space creating a gradient that can be used to make ATP
21
Q

what is a chemiosmosis

A
  • as a result of protein complexes, pumping H+ across the membrane and creating a gradient (a form of energy)
  • it creates a protein motive force
  • the ability to use this force is called chemiosmosis
22
Q

What is a protein motive force

A
  • a concentration gradient of H+
  • an electrical-potential charge (H+ repel off of eachother)
23
Q

What are ATP synthase

A

a large multi-protein complex that harnesses this energy to make ATP

24
Q

What does ATP synthase do

A
  • forms a channel that allows H+ back across the membrane causing it to rotate in a way to catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP
  • it also reduces oxygen from the ETC now binds to the H+ coming from the ATP synthase to form water
25
Q

why should the electrochemical gradient must be maintain

A

the ATP production will stop

26
Q

what is aerobic respiration efficientcy

A
  • depends on the environment (temp)
  • Makes approx 30 ATP (heat loss and H+ leaking)
  • 32% efficient

cellular respiration (5 decks)

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