Anaphylaxis Flashcards
Define anaphylaxis
Hypersensitive Allergic response to a stimulus. Can be single system - Hypotension, Bronchospasm or Angiodema alone, or systemic, involving two or more body systems Eg swelling and a rash, urticaria (hives)
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
Ingested - bites - contact - inhaled
Itching Hives Urticaria Swelling Tachycardia Anxiety
Hypotension
Bronchospasm
Angiodema
Pathophysiology of Anaphylaxis
1st response
Cell types and roles
2nd exposure
IgE mediated response,
1st response, immune system (T cells) recognise pathogen, then stimulate B cells to make antibodies.
B cells become mature Bmemory cells (Mast Cells) that fight infection
2nd exposure:
Is a hypersensitive response, resulting in mast cell degranulation and the release of mediators:
Histamine
Leukotrienes
Cytokines
Eicosanoids
Anaphylaxis Mediator effects
Skin -4
Flushing
Urticaria
Angiodema
Itch
Anaphylaxis Mediator effects
Respiratory -5
Cough Wheeze Dyspnoea Bronchospasm Hypoxia
Anaphylaxis Mediator effects
Cardiovascular -5
Hypotension Tachycardia Vasodilation Permeability Syncope
Anaphylaxis Mediator effects
Digestive -4
Upper respiratory -4
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdo Pain
Diarrhoea
Anaphylaxis Mediator effects
Upper respiratory -4
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Angiodema
Strider
Anaphylaxis Treatment
Mild to moderate
Airway
Breathing - Oxygenation
Circulation - Posture for blood pressure
Fexofenadine 180mg oral
Anaphylaxis Treatment
What is severe?
Tx
Bronchospasm, Angioedema, Hypotension
IM Adrenaline 10microg/Kg to Max 500microg (both paeds and adults)
IV Saline 0.9% to maintain ADEQUATE BP
Consider clinical support
In anaphylaxis, how often can i repeat ADR
5 min.
