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COLLEGE(2) > ANAPHY SKELETAL > Flashcards

ANAPHY SKELETAL Flashcards

1
Q

the study of tissues

A

Histology

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2
Q

groups of cells with similar structure and function.

A

tissue

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3
Q

Four Primary Types OF TISSUE

A

- epithelium
- connective
- muscle
- nervous

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4
Q

Approximately ______ days after fertilization, the cells that give rise to a new individual form a slightly elongated disk consisting of two layers called the endoderm and the ectoderm.

A

13 OR 14

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5
Q

he endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm are called

A

germ layers”

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6
Q

Cells of the ectoderm then migrate between the two layers to form a third layer

A

mesoderm.

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7
Q
  • forms the lining of the digestive tract and its derivatives, lung cell, thyroid cell and pancreatic cells.
A

Endoderm

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8
Q

forms tissues such as muscle, bone, and blood vessels; and the ectoderm forms the outermost layer of the skin.

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

a portion of the ectoderm, called
_____, becomes the nervous system

A

neuroectoderm

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10
Q

A tissue that covers covering the inside of body cavities and organs. Covers body surfaces and forms glands.

A

Epithelium

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11
Q

Consists almost entirely of cells and has free and basal surface

A

Epithelium

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12
Q

EPITHELIUM UNDERGO A PROCESS OF___

A

MITOSIS

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13
Q

(does not have a blood supply).

A

avascular

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14
Q

Protecting underlying structures

A

Functions of Epithelia

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15
Q

Acting as barriers (skin).
Permitting the passage of substances

A

Functions of Epithelia

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16
Q

Secreting substances

A

Functions of Epithelia

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17
Q

Absorbing substances (plasma membranes of certain tissues).
Filtration

A

Functions of Epithelia

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18
Q

Epithelium Characteristics

A

Can regenerate quickly.
- Cells fit closely together.
- Can be joined by desmosomes and tight junctions.
- Tissue layer always has one free surface (apical) and lateral surface and basal surface.
- Avascular (have no blood supply) but are innervated (with nerves

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19
Q

one/single layer of epithelium

A

simple

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20
Q

more than one layer

A

Stratified

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21
Q

single layer, but some cells are shorter than others.

A

Pseudostratified

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22
Q

single layer, but some cells are shorter than others.

A

Transitional

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23
Q

flat cells.

A

squamos

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24
Q

cube- shape cell

A

cuboidal

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25
Q

column-like/ rectangular cell shape

A

columnar

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26
Q

a common site for filtration/diffusion.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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27
Q

Simple squamous epithelium commonly forms membranes such as

A

lining of body cavities, lungs, walls of capillaries, and inside of blood and lymphatic vessels.

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28
Q

cells at the free edge are flattened

A

stratidied squamos epithelium

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29
Q

the most superficial layer of the skin known as the epidermis.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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30
Q

partially dehydrated and contain a layer of keratin.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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31
Q

serves as a protection against abrasion, barrier against infection, reduction of water loss from the body.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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32
Q

commonly found in glands and their ducts

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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33
Q

Active transport and facilitated diffusion result in secretion and absorption by cells

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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34
Q

forms the walls of kidney tubules, ducts, and ovaries

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

35
Q

Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus and linings of digestive tract.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q
  • Secretion, absorption, protection against infection
A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

37
Q

can be found in the ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas.

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

38
Q

can be ciliated or non- ciliated.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

39
Q

– tissues found in the vas deferens and pharynx.

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

40
Q

provides a thicker lining for some tubular structures in the body

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

41
Q
  • a special type of cell known as a___ is usually associated with columnar epithelium
A

goblet cell

42
Q

the goblet cell secretes

A

mucous

43
Q

are also seen on columnar cells, which are found in the respiratory system.

A

cilia

44
Q

___ and ___work together to move substances along the cells

A

the cilia and goblet cells

45
Q

single layer, but some cells are shorter than others

A

pseudostratified epithelium

46
Q

sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract.

A

pseudostratified epithelium

47
Q
  • may function in absorption or secretion
A

pseudostratified epithelium

48
Q
  • it looks stratified because the nuclei of the cells are at various levels, in reality there is only one layer
A

pseudostratified epithelium

49
Q

special case of cells.

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

50
Q
  • looks somewhat like stratified squamous, but there is a difference.
A

transitional epithelium

51
Q
  • Made up of several layers of cells that become flattened when stretched.
A

transitional epithelium

52
Q

It lines most of your urinary tract and allows your bladder to expand.

A

transitional epithelium

53
Q
  • type of tissue that lines certain internal organs and makes and releases substances in the body, such as mucous, digestive juices, and other fluids
A

glandular epithelium

54
Q

commonly found in the breast, lung, stomach, colon, pancreas, prostate, uterus, and cervix.

A

glandular epithelium

55
Q

do not have a duct system and thus, release their secretions directly into the bloodstream.

A

endocrine gland

56
Q

secrete their products into ducts that release the secretions onto the surface of organs such as the skin surface or the lumen of a hollow organ.

A

exocrine gland

57
Q

the most abundant tissue in the body.

A

Connective Tissue

58
Q

consists of special cells called fibroblasts surrounded by a matrix of intercellular material.

A

Connective Tissue

59
Q

star-shaped cell. secretes protein into matrix producing fibers.

A

fibroblasts

60
Q

act as scavengers (phagocytosis

A

macrophages

61
Q

-release heparin (an anticoagulant), histamine (promotes inflammatory reactions).

A

mast cells

62
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue

A

Enclosing and separating (capsules around organs).
Connecting tissues to one another (tendons and ligaments).
Supporting and moving (bones).
Storing, Cushioning and insulating (fat).
Transporting (blood).
Protecting (cells of the immune system)

63
Q

is not very well organized. It contains fibroblasts, matrix, and some fibers scattered about.

A

loose connective tissue (areolar tissue)

64
Q

loose connective tissue is found in the

A

dermis

65
Q

loose tissue sometimes it is called

A

fascia

66
Q

contains thick collagenous fibers

A

dense connective tissue

67
Q

found in ligaments and tendons which have a high tensile strength to resist tensions.

A

dense connective tissue

68
Q

has a poor blood supply which is why tendons and ligaments do not heal well.

A

dense connective tissue

69
Q

attach muscle to the bone

A

tendon and ligaments

70
Q

consists of cells containing lipid (fat)

A

Adipose

71
Q

the lipid is used to store energy to be used by the body if needed

A

Adipose

72
Q

consists of a thin supportive network of collagen fibers

A

Reticular

73
Q

it is found supporting the walls of the liver, spleen and lymphatic system.

A

Reticular

74
Q

contains more elastic fibers than collagen fibers

A

Elastic

75
Q

found in attachments between vertebrae and in walls of some hollow internal organs.

A

Elastic

76
Q

is the most rigid of connective tissues.

A

bones

77
Q

its hardness comes from mineral salts such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

A

bones

78
Q

also considered a connective tissue

A

blood

79
Q
  • it transports gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and functions in clotting and immunity.
A

blood

80
Q

rigid and strong so it can provide support and protection.

A

Cartilage

81
Q

also forms a structural model for developing bones

A

Cartilage

82
Q
A
83
Q
A

COLLEGE(2) (9 decks)

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