ANAPHY P2 SKIN Flashcards
functions of the integumentary system
- Regulates body temperature
- Stores blood
- Protects body from external
environment - Detects cutaneous sensations
- Excretes and absorbs substances
- Synthesizes VITAMIN D
• Composed of skin, hair, oil and sweat glands,
nails and sensory receptors
Integumentary system
Medical specialty
that deals with the structure, function and
disorders of the integumentary system
Dermatologist/Dermatology
—-
● “—— MEMBRANE”
● Largest organ of body IN
WEIGHT
Cutaneous
MEASUREMENTS: of skin
ADULTS: Skin covers
____meters and weighs _____
(???% of the total body weight)
2m^2 in length and 4-5kg in weight, 7%
Thickness of
eyelids
heels
Other body parts (ranges)
0.5mm
4mn
1-2mm
Superficial
-??? portion
2 Parts
• Thinner portion
A. EPIDERMIS
B. DERMIS
???
Storage depot for fat
and contains blood
vessels that supply the
skin
• Has ??? (sensation of pressure)
SUBCUTANEOUS
lamellated
corpuscles
Part of subcutaneous
A. ???
(consists of ???
and ??? tissue)
Areolar tissue is ???, contains???, ??? and ??? the provide structural support and helps in the repair of tissue
Adipose tissue serve as a ????, ??? and cushioning of organs
A. HYPODERMIS
(consists of areolar
and adipose tissue)
Areolar tissue is highly vascular and contains fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells
Adipose tissue serve as a energy reserve, insulation and cushioning of organs
EPIDERMIS
● Made up of???
4 principal types of cells
keratinized
stratified squamous epithelium
-Keratinocytes
-Melanocytes
-INTRAEPIDERMAL MACROPHAGES/-LANGERHANS
-TACTILE EPITHELIAL
CELLS/MERKEL DISC
Most abundant/common cells in epidermis
-Primary function- produce keratin
-protective protein that helps form the skins barrier shielding the body from environmental damage, such as pathogens, radiation and water loss
-Tough, gives protection to the skin
Keratinocytes
Found in the ???? of the epidermis
-primary function: produce the pigment (?)
-accumulates in the keratinocytes of stratum (?) and stratum (?)
Melanocytes, basal layer, melanin, stratum basal & stratum spinosum
Melanocytes
Brown to black (?) = increase in ??
Yellow to red (?) = decrease in ??
eumelanin, melanocytes
pheomelanin, melanocytes
Melanocytes
Brown to black (?) = increase in ??
Yellow to red (?) = decrease in ??
eumelanin, melanocytes
pheomelanin, melanocytes
participate in immune
response, help other cells of the
immune system recognize an
invading microbe and destroy it.
INTRAEPIDERMAL
MACROPHAGES/LANGERHANS
CELLS -
detect
touch sensations
TACTILE EPITHELIAL
CELLS/MERKEL DISC -
PRINCIPAL LAYERS/STRATA OF
CELLS:
STRATUM BASALE
STRATUM SPINOSUM
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM
STRATUM CORNEUM
Deepest layer
Single row of ??? or ???
keratinocytes
Contains??? form the tough protein keratin
Contains ??? & ??
Protects deeper layer from injury??
Attach stratum basale to stratum spinosum? so therefore this layer contains?
Attach epidermis and dermis? so this layer contains
Stratum basale, cuboidal & columnar, KERATIN INTERMEDIATE
FILAMENTS
Merkel cells and melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Superficial to stratum basale
With coarse bundles of keratin in
intermediate filaments
Cells shrink and pull apart
appearing like thornlike spines
Provides strength and flexibility of
skin
??? act as a part of the immune system to scavenge foreign proteins that invade epidermis
Stratum spinosum , Langerhans cells
Middle of epidermis
With ?-? layers of keratinocytes
undergoing ???
__________________________
- assembles
keratin intermediate filaments to keratin
___________________________
-fuses
plasma membrane and release lipid-rich
secretion
Stratum Granulosum, 3-5 layers undergoing apoptosis
Keratinohyalin
Lamellar/Lameliated granules
Present only in the thick skin (fingertips,
palms and soles
?-? layers of flattened, clear and dead
keratinocytes (with thick plasma
membranes)
Provides an additional level of toughness
in this region of the skin
Stratum lucidum, 4-5 layers
Cells are extremely thick, flat, plasma
membrane-enclosed packages of keratin
Final product of the process of
keratinocytes
Cells overlap one another like the scales
on the skin of a snake
_________ - constant exposure of skin to
friction (increased cell and keratin
production)
Stratum corneum, Callus
Composition: dense irregular connective
tissue containing ??? and ??
● Has the ability to stretch
and recoil easily
● Blood vessels, nerves,
glands and hair follicle
???= collagen: strength and d roughness, ability to stretch
???= elastic fibers, flexibility and stretch (ability to return to its original shape)
Dermis, collagen & elastic
fibers
extensibility, elasticity
Superficial region of dermis
—-small, nipple-shaped
structures that project into the
undersurface of the epidermis (with
capillary loops/blood vessels) this forms dermal ridges that form our fingerprints, palm prints and footprints
—-nerve endings sensitive to touch (warmth,
coolness, pain, tickling and itching)
Papillary region
Dermal papillae, Meissner corpuscle
Deeper region of dermis
• Contains bundles of thick collagen fibers,
scattered fibroblasts and various
wandering cells.
• _______________: arranged in a netlike
manner (helps the skin resist stretching)
• _____________________________: provides
strength, extensibility, ability to stretch,
and elasticity.
Reticular region, Collagen fibers, collagen and elastic fibers
Macrophages
??? reside in a specific tissue and remain relatively stationary
??? circulate in the bloodstream and migrate to various tissue in response to infection or injury
fixed, wandering (free)
2 layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular region
