ANAPHY P1 Flashcards
4 Types of tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
-covers body surfaces & lines the hollow organs, body cavities and ducts
-detects changes in and out of the body; generates electrical signal
Epithelial
Nervous
-contraction and generation of force; Generate heat for warmth
- Protects & support the body; binds organ together; store energy as fats; helps in immunity
Muscle Tissue
Connective tissue
Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells
Cell junction
Types of Cell Junctions
Tight Junction, Adherent Junction, Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes, Gap junction
Made up of web-like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together the outer surface
Function: seal off passageways between adjacent cells
Organs: stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder
Tight Junctions
Contains: (——)dense layer of proteins (inside plasma membrane); attached to membrane proteins to microfilaments
(—-): Transmembrane glycolipids joins the cell; connects to cadherins of an adjacent cells
(—-): extensive zones that encircles the cell
what type of junction?
plaque, Cadherins, Adhesion belts
Adherens Junction
(——?)
Also contains plaque and cadherins
(—-) plaques are attached to the (—-)
Intermediate filament extends to each cell’s desmosomes
Function: contributes to stability of cells
Organs: epidermis and cardiac muscle of the heart
Desmosomes, intermediate filament
(——?)
Resembles desmosomes but do not link adjacent cells
(—-?): transmembrane glycoproteins are attached to the protein laminin
Function: anchor cells to basement membranes
Hemidesmosomes, Integrins
(——?)
(——?) (membrane proteins) form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called (—)
Function:
small molecules can be diffused from the cytosol to another cell;
transfers nutrients & wastes;
allows cells to communication
Gap junction, Connexins, connexons
Epithelial Tissue
(——): faces the body surface/ cavity/lumen
(—-) : faces the adjacent cells
(—-): deepest layer that is anchored to the basement membrane
(—-): close to epithelial and secreted by epithelial cells
(——): closer to connective tissue and contains collagen.
APICAL (FREE) SURFACE
LATERAL SURFACES
BASAL SURFACE
BASAL LAMINA
RETICULAR LAMINA
Outer covering of the skin and some internal organs
Forms the inner lining of the blood vessel, ducts, body cavities, interior of respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive
organ
COVERING & LINING EPITHELIUM
Secreting gland: thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and sweat glands
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM:
Arrangement of cells in layers:
-
SIMPLE EPITHELIUM
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
(-)appears to have multiple layers of cells because the cell nuclei lie at different levels;
contains cilia
(-)single layer; diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption
(-) consists of two of more layers of cell
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE EPITHELIUM
STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
Cell shapes
- SQUAMOUS CELL: flat and thin; passage
- CUBOIDAL CELL: tall and wide; cube/hexagon; has microvili for secretion and absorption
- COLUMNAR CELL: taller and wide; has microvili for secretion and absorption; for protection
- TRANSITIONAL CELL: changing shape (squamous-cuboidal); for distention/ stretching
(—-): taller and wide; has microvili for secretion and absorption; for protection
(—) : tall and wide; cube/hexagon; has microvili for secretion and absorption
(—-): changing shape (squamous-cuboidal); for distention/ stretching
(—-): flat and thin; passage
COLUMNAR CELL
CUBOIDAL CELL
TRANSITIONAL CELL
SQUAMOUS CELL
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
FUNCTION: (—)
TYPES:
2 types
secretion
1. Endocrine: secretes hormones
2. Exocrine: secrete products into ducts; unicellular and multicellular cells
1.(—)): secretes hormones
2. Exocrine:(—-)
Glandular epithelium
Endocrine
secrete products into ducts; unicellular and multicellular cells
Contains immature cells with name ending in ‘blasts’.
Connective tissue
Types of cells in connective tissue
6 types
Fibroblast, Macrophage, Plasma cell, Mast cell, Adipocyte, White blood cell
???
Migrates
Abundant in connective tissue
???
Abundant in blood vessel
Produces histamine
Binds to bacteria to kill and ingest it
White blood cell
Mast Cell
?????
Stores triglyceride (fats)
Found in: skin, heart & kidneys
?????
Develops from B lymphocyte ( a white blood cell)
?????
Flat cells; Secretes fibers; Most numerous
Adipocyte
Plasma Cell
Fibroblast
Type of white blood cells
Arises from monocytes
Irregular shape
Engulfs bacteria & cellular debris (phagocytosis)
Fixed (-) & wandering (-)
Macrophage
??? Ground substance & fibers
Extracellular Matrix
Extracellular Matrix
fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, or calcified. Supports cells, binds, stores water, and provides a medium for
exchange of substances between the blood and cells.
Ground substance
Extracellular Matrix
(—-): has elastic property; Plentiful in skin, blood vessel walls, and lung tissue.
(—-): consists of collagen; provides support & strength
ELASTIC FIBERS
RETICULAR FIBERS
Cells of muscular tissue
Muscle Fibers/ Myocytes: Elongated Cell
DESCRIPTION: branched striated fibers
LOCATION: heart wall
FUNCTION: Pump blood to all parts of the body
Cardiac muscle
DESCRIPTION: spindle-shaped; non-striated
LOCATION: mostly organs
FUNCTION: motion
Smooth muscle
DESCRIPTION: long cylindrical striated fibers
LOCATION: attached to tendons
FUNCTION: motion, posture, heat production, protection
Skeletal muscle
Shape of Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal muscle
branched striated fibers, spindle shaped, non striated , long cylindrical striated fibers
(—)
Cells: neuron and neuroglia
Neurons:(—-); sensitive to stimuli (PARTS: cell body, dendrites, axon
(—): supportive functions
NERVOUS TISSUE, nerve cells, Neuroglia
