ANAPHY M6 Flashcards
-Contribute to homeostasis by protecting the body
and helping regulate body temperature
- Allows to sense pleasurable, painful, and other
stimuli in your external environment
- Includes the skin, hair, oil, and sweat glands, nails,
and sensory receptors
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
largest organof the human body
SKIN
Arise from stimulation of sensory receptors embedded in the subcutaneous layer in mucous membranes of the mouth, vagina, ananus; and skeletal muscle tendons,and joints.
- Distributed in the body unevenly
● Highest inthetipof the tongue, lips and
fingertips
Somatic Sensations
Four Modalities of Somatic Sensations
● Tactile
● Thermal
● Pain
● Proprioceptive
Capsule surrounds mass of modified Schwann cells and nerve endings in dermal papillae of hairless skin
SENSATIONS
Onset of touch and low- frequency vibrations
ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid
TACTILE CORPUSCLES (MEISSNER CORPUSCLES)
Free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles in skin
HAIR ROOT PLEXUSES
Saucer-shaped free nerve endings make contact with tactile epithelial cells in epidermis
SENSATIONS
Movements on skin surface that disturb hairs
ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid
TYPE I CUTANEOUS MECHANORECEPTORS (TACTILE DISCS)
Elongated capsule surrounds nerve endings and Schwann cells deep in dermis and in ligaments and tendons
SENSATIONS
Continuous touch and pressure
ADAPTATION RATE
Slow
TYPE II CUTANEOUS MECHANORECEPTORS (RUFFINI CORPUSCLES)
Oval, layered capsule surrounds nerve endings; present in dermis and subcutaneous tissue, submucosal tissues, joints, periosteum, and some viscera
SENSATIONS
High-frequency vibrations
ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid
LAMELLATED (PACINIAN) CORPUSCLES
Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes.
SENSATIONS
Itching and tickling.
ADAPTATION RATE
Both slow and rapid
ITCH AND TICKLE RECEPTORS
Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes of mouth, vagina, and anus
SENSATIONS
Warmth or cold.
ADAPTATION RATE
Initially rapid, then slow
WARM RECEPTORS AND COLD RECEPTORS
Free nerve endings in every body tissue except brain.
SENSATIONS
Pain
ADAPTATION RATE
Slow
NOCICEPTORS
Sensory nerve endings wrap around central area of encapsulated intrafusal muscle fibers within most skeletal muscles
SENSATIONS
Muscle length.
ADAPTATION RATE
Slow
MUSCLE SPINDLES
Capsule encloses collagen fibers and sensory nerve endings at junction of tendon and muscle
SENSATIONS
Muscle tension.
ADAPTATION RATE
Slow
TENDON ORGANS
Lamellar corpuscles, bulbous corpuscles, tendon organs, and free nerve endings
SENSATIONS
Joint position and movement
ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid
JOINT KINESTHETIC RECEPTORS
result from stimulation of tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous tissue
TOUCH
sustained sensation that is felt over a larger area than touch, occurs with deeper deformation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
PRESSURE
rapidly repetitive sensory signals from tactile receptors
VIBRATION
from stimulation of free nerve endings by certain chemicals, histamine, or antigens
ITCH
arises due to sensation brought about by someone else
TICKLE
Study of fungi
Although more than 50,000 species of fungi are recognized, fewer than 100 have been identified as human pathogens
MYCOLOGY
No chlorophyll
Absorb nutrients through the environment
Heterotrophic: lack of stems and roots
Acquired via humans thoughts:
Inhalation of spores
Inoculation - trauma into the skin
FUNGI
causes dandruff
Malassezia furfur
causes ringworm
Microsporum
causes athlete foot, fungal infection
Epidermophyton
solitary cells (reproduce by budding)
YEAST
have hyphae ( apical extension)
MOLD
Types of Mycoses
SUPERFICIAL - at epidermis
CUTANEOUS - at dermis and epidermis
SUBCUTANEOUS - at the subcutaneous tissue
SYSTEMATIC - at internal organs
OPPORTUNISTIC - have specific targets; attacks if it has an opportunity
Specimens such as skin, hair, nails, or sputum are mixed with 20% KOH, it softens, digests, and clears the tissues surrounding the fungi making hyphae and conidia (spores) be seen under a microscope
KOH TEST
Sources of Error for KOH Test
Not enough fungal cells in the sample
Incorrect collection of the sample
The fungal organisms grow very slowly, making them hard to see
The specimen was not stored correctly or received by the lab soon enough
A person used antifungal medications at home before having the sample taken
