ANAPHY M6

Question 1

-Contribute to homeostasis by protecting the body
and helping regulate body temperature
- Allows to sense pleasurable, painful, and other
stimuli in your external environment
- Includes the skin, hair, oil, and sweat glands, nails,
and sensory receptors

Answer 1

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 2

largest organof the human body

Answer 2

SKIN

Question 3

Arise from stimulation of sensory receptors embedded in the subcutaneous layer in mucous membranes of the mouth, vagina, ananus; and skeletal muscle tendons,and joints.

• Distributed in the body unevenly
  ● Highest inthetipof the tongue, lips and
  fingertips

Answer 3

Somatic Sensations

Question 4

Four Modalities of Somatic Sensations

Answer 4

● Tactile
● Thermal
● Pain
● Proprioceptive

Question 5

Capsule surrounds mass of modified Schwann cells and nerve endings in dermal papillae of hairless skin

SENSATIONS
Onset of touch and low- frequency vibrations

ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid

Answer 5

TACTILE CORPUSCLES (MEISSNER CORPUSCLES)

Question 6

Free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles in skin

Answer 6

HAIR ROOT PLEXUSES

Question 7

Saucer-shaped free nerve endings make contact with tactile epithelial cells in epidermis

SENSATIONS
Movements on skin surface that disturb hairs

ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid

Answer 7

TYPE I CUTANEOUS MECHANORECEPTORS (TACTILE DISCS)

Question 8

Elongated capsule surrounds nerve endings and Schwann cells deep in dermis and in ligaments and tendons

SENSATIONS
Continuous touch and pressure

ADAPTATION RATE
Slow

Answer 8

TYPE II CUTANEOUS MECHANORECEPTORS (RUFFINI CORPUSCLES)

Question 9

Oval, layered capsule surrounds nerve endings; present in dermis and subcutaneous tissue, submucosal tissues, joints, periosteum, and some viscera

SENSATIONS
High-frequency vibrations

ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid

Answer 9

LAMELLATED (PACINIAN) CORPUSCLES

Question 10

Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes.

SENSATIONS
Itching and tickling.

ADAPTATION RATE
Both slow and rapid

Answer 10

ITCH AND TICKLE RECEPTORS

Question 11

Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes of mouth, vagina, and anus

SENSATIONS
Warmth or cold.

ADAPTATION RATE
Initially rapid, then slow

Answer 11

WARM RECEPTORS AND COLD RECEPTORS

Question 12

Free nerve endings in every body tissue except brain.

SENSATIONS
Pain
ADAPTATION RATE
Slow

Answer 12

NOCICEPTORS

Question 13

Sensory nerve endings wrap around central area of encapsulated intrafusal muscle fibers within most skeletal muscles

SENSATIONS
Muscle length.

ADAPTATION RATE
Slow

Answer 13

MUSCLE SPINDLES

Question 14

Capsule encloses collagen fibers and sensory nerve endings at junction of tendon and muscle

SENSATIONS
Muscle tension.

ADAPTATION RATE
Slow

Answer 14

TENDON ORGANS

Question 15

Lamellar corpuscles, bulbous corpuscles, tendon organs, and free nerve endings

SENSATIONS
Joint position and movement

ADAPTATION RATE
Rapid

Answer 15

JOINT KINESTHETIC RECEPTORS

Question 16

result from stimulation of tactile receptors in the skin or subcutaneous tissue

Answer 16

TOUCH

Question 17

sustained sensation that is felt over a larger area than touch, occurs with deeper deformation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Answer 17

PRESSURE

Question 18

rapidly repetitive sensory signals from tactile receptors

Answer 18

VIBRATION

Question 19

from stimulation of free nerve endings by certain chemicals, histamine, or antigens

Answer 19

ITCH

Question 20

arises due to sensation brought about by someone else

Answer 20

TICKLE

Question 21

Study of fungi
Although more than 50,000 species of fungi are recognized, fewer than 100 have been identified as human pathogens

Answer 21

MYCOLOGY

Question 22

No chlorophyll
Absorb nutrients through the environment
Heterotrophic: lack of stems and roots
Acquired via humans thoughts:
Inhalation of spores
Inoculation - trauma into the skin

Answer 22

FUNGI

Question 23

causes dandruff

Answer 23

Malassezia furfur

Question 24

causes ringworm

Answer 24

Microsporum

Question 25

causes athlete foot, fungal infection

Answer 25

Epidermophyton

Question 26

solitary cells (reproduce by budding)

Answer 26

YEAST

Question 27

have hyphae ( apical extension)

Answer 27

MOLD

Question 28

Types of Mycoses

Answer 28

SUPERFICIAL - at epidermis
CUTANEOUS - at dermis and epidermis
SUBCUTANEOUS - at the subcutaneous tissue
SYSTEMATIC - at internal organs
OPPORTUNISTIC - have specific targets; attacks if it has an opportunity

Question 29

Specimens such as skin, hair, nails, or sputum are mixed with 20% KOH, it softens, digests, and clears the tissues surrounding the fungi making hyphae and conidia (spores) be seen under a microscope

Answer 29

KOH TEST

Question 30

Sources of Error for KOH Test

Answer 30

Not enough fungal cells in the sample
Incorrect collection of the sample
The fungal organisms grow very slowly, making them hard to see
The specimen was not stored correctly or received by the lab soon enough
A person used antifungal medications at home before having the sample taken