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MIDTERMS EXAM > Anaphy > Flashcards

Anaphy Flashcards

1
Q

This major component of tissue is tough,protective and made out of protein fibers

A

Collagen

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2
Q

This major component of tissue are Negatively charged protein/carbohydrate molecules that attract water

A

Proteoglycans

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3
Q

This type of cellular connection fuses membranes of adjacent cells allowing no movement

A

Tight junctions

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4
Q

This type of cellular connection provides strong,, flexible connections between cells

A

Desmosomes

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5
Q

This type of cellular connection connects the cell to the ECM

A

Hemidesmosomes

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6
Q

This type of cellular connection allows intercellular passageways between cells

A

Gap junctions

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7
Q

This type of membrane anchors epithelia to the ECM

A

Basement membrane

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8
Q

This layer of basement membrane is a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen

A

Lamina Lucida

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9
Q

This layer of basement membrane has a denser more structural weave of tough collagen fibers

A

Lamina densa

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10
Q

This surface of epithelia is attached to the basement membrane

A

Basal surface

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11
Q

This surface of epithelia is exposed to the external environment or internal space

A

Apical surface

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12
Q

moves material across the surface

A

Cilia

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13
Q

This increases the surface area of the surface

A

Microvili

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14
Q

Found in air sacs of lungs, the lining
of heartblood vessels and lymphatic vessels

A

Simple squamous

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15
Q

Lines kidney tubules

A

Simple cuboidal

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16
Q

Lines digestive and reproductive tracts

A

Simple columnar

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17
Q

Lines trachea and respiratory tract

A

Pseudo stratified columnar

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18
Q

Lines esophagus mouth and vagina

A

Stratified squamous

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19
Q

Found in sweat glands, salivary glands

A

Stratified cuboidal

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20
Q

Found in male urethra

A

Stratified columnar

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21
Q

Lines bladder urethra and ureters

A

Transitional epithelium

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22
Q

These glands secrete hormones into the blood and are ductless

A

Endocrine glands

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23
Q

Secretes substances locally through a duct

A

Exocrine Glands

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24
Q

Glands that form tubes

A

Tubular glands

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25
Q

Glands that form pockets

A

Acinar glands

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26
Q

This type of secretion is accomplished by exocytosis

A

Apocrine secretion

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27
Q

This type of secretion accumulates near the apical surface of a gland

A

Apocrine secretion

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28
Q

This type of secretion involves the rupture and destruction of entire gland cells

A

Holocrine secretion

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29
Q

List types of connective tissue proper

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Dense regular
Dense irregular

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30
Q

List the types of supportive connective tissue

A

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Compact bone
Spongy bone

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31
Q

This tissue type can be found in the subcutaneous layer and supports nearby tissues

A

Areolar connective tissue

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32
Q

This connective tissue is found in the subcutaneous layer and cushions and stores energy

A

Adipose connective tissue

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33
Q

It is found in the lymphatic tissues spleen and liver and it is the framework of internal organs

A

Reticular connective tissue

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34
Q

This connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments and has it fibers facing in only 1 direction

A

Dens regular connective tissue

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35
Q

This connective tissue is found in the skin and has the fibers oriented in every direction

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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36
Q

This is the most abundant connective tissue and ifound withine joints and ribs

A

Hyaline cartilage

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37
Q

This is the strongest type of cartilage and is found in the intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage

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38
Q

This is the most flexible type of cartilage and is located in the external ear

A

Elastic cartilage

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39
Q

The most rigid of the connective tissue

A

Bone

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40
Q

This type of muscle is attached to the bone has striations, controlled voluntarily and it is multinucleated

A

Skeletal muscle

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41
Q

Found in the walls of the heart, contains striations, controlled involuntarily and the cells are attached by intercalated discs

A

Cardiac muscle

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42
Q

Found within internal organs, lacks striations and is involuntarily controlled

A

Smooth muscle

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43
Q

Part of the neuron where there are Short branches that receive signals

A

Dendrites

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44
Q

Nouses the nucleus and organelles of the neuron

A

Cell body

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45
Q

The part of the neuron where a long projection that is used to send action potentials

A

Axon

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46
Q

It is the gap between the neuron and it’s target cell

A

Synapse

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47
Q

These cells are associated with nervous tissue and performs many support functions for the nervous tissue and some form myelin that insulates axons

A

Glial cells

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48
Q

This membrane lines body cavites that are open to the external environment
Associated with the Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive tracts

A

Mucous membranes

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49
Q

Covers and lines internal organs and reduces friction created as organs move

A

Serous membrane
(Pericardium,Pleura, peritoneum)

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50
Q

This membrane is the skin that covers the entire body

A

Cutaneous membrane

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51
Q

This type of membrane lines the joints

A

Synovial membrane

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52
Q

This is the body’s initial response to injury and limits the extent of the injury and begins the repair proccess

A

Inflammation

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53
Q

Cancer derived from epithelial tissue

A

Carcinoma

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54
Q

Cancer in myeloid tissue or blood cells

A

Myelomas

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55
Q

Cancer of white blood cells

A

Leukemia

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56
Q

Cancer that is derived from connective tissue

A

Sarcomas

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57
Q

What connects the skin to underlying muscle

A

Fascia

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58
Q

What is the epidermis made out of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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59
Q

Is an intracellular fibrous protein made of long alpha helices

A

Keratin

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60
Q

Deepest layer of the epidermal layers, single layer of cells and actively devides to replace the cells in the superficial layers

A

Stratum basale

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61
Q

Are sensory receptors used for discriminatory touch

A

Merkel cells

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62
Q

Black and brown pigment of melanin

A

Eumelanin

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63
Q

Reddish pigment of melanin

A

Pheomelanin

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64
Q

Eight layers thick and keratinocytes are shaped like footballs and the cells are constantly pushed towards the stratum granulosum

A

Stratum spinosum

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65
Q

Cells in the stratum spinosum that provide immune protection

A

Langerhans (dendritic) cells

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66
Q

Cells begin to flatten and accumulate keratin and melanin can travel to this layer contained in melanosimes while cells die at the most superficial layer of this stratum

A

Stratum Granulosum

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67
Q

Only found in thick skin and composed of tightly packed dead keratinocytes

A

Stratum lucidum

68
Q

In the stratum lucidums cells what protein that functions as a water barrier called

A

Eleidin

69
Q

The most superficial layer of epidermis
About 15-30 layers of dead keratinocytes

A

Stratum corneum

70
Q

Finger like projections of the dermis into the epidermis that helps anchor it to the epidermis and is noticable as fingerprints

A

Dermal papillae

71
Q

Lies deep to the epidermis and is composed mainly of connective tissue and it supports the epidermis with nutrients, strength and elasticity

A

Dermis

72
Q

The superficial layer of the dermis that is composed of loose areolar connective tissue and contains the dermal papillae and senses light pressure

A

Papillary layer

73
Q

Deeper layer of the dermis made of dense irregular connective tissue and senses deep pressure

A

Reticular layer

74
Q

Also known as the subcutaneous layer
And lies deep to the dermis and composed of mainly adipose and loose areolar connective tissue
Highly vascularized and provides insulation and cushing

A

Hypodermis

75
Q

4 accessory structures of the skin

A

1.Hair
2.Nails
3.sweat glands
4.sebaceous glands

76
Q

Found on most body surfaces except thick skin and is composed of dead keratinized cells from the epidermis

A

Hair

77
Q

Is the visible portion of the hair

A

Hair shaft

78
Q

Is the hair between the bulb and the shaft

A

Hair root

79
Q

Can change the angle of the hair shaft during thermo regulation or fear response ( goosebumps)

A

Arrector pili muscle

80
Q

Is the epidermis cells at the base of the hair follicle and the deepest portion of follicle

A

Hair bulb

81
Q

Is the dermal tissue portion of the hair follicle. Because it is connective tissue it has blood vessels and nerves

A

Hair papilla

82
Q

Center of the hair shaft

A

Medulla

83
Q

Surrounds medulla

A

Cortex

84
Q

Surrounds cortex

A

Cuticle

85
Q

Living component of the nail and produces the nail body

A

Nail bed

86
Q

Visible hard portion of the nail

A

Nail body

87
Q

Proximal side of the nail body

A

Nail root

88
Q

Thin layer of skin at the base of the nail

A

Nail cuticle (eponychium)

89
Q

Crescent shaped region of nail bed

A

Lunula

90
Q

Other name for sweat glands

A

Sudoriferous glands

91
Q

What does the sweat glands produce in order to aid in temperature regulation
And it’s other word

A

Sweat (perspiration )

92
Q

It is found all over the body, less viscous and is involved in thermo regulation

A

Eccrine sweat glands

93
Q

It is found in groin and armpits, has a more viscous secretion and may be involved in pheromone release

A

Apocrine sweat glands

94
Q

The accumulation of sebum, keratin and dead cells can block hair follicle

A

Acne

95
Q

Detects heat or cold

A

Nociceptors

96
Q

Detects pain

A

Nociceptors

97
Q

Detects touch

A

Tactile corpuscle

98
Q

Detects pressure and vibration

A

Lamellated corpuscle

99
Q

This burn only effects the epidermis

A

1st degree burn

100
Q

This type of burn affects both the epidermis and dermis

A

2nd degree burn

101
Q

This type of burn affects the epidermis the hypodermis and the dermis

A

3rd degree burns

102
Q

The most common type of cancer in the US and occurs frequently in areas that are susceptible to long term sub exposure

A

Basal cell carcinoma

103
Q

Is a cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and is the 2nd most common skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

104
Q

Is a cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes

A

Melanoma

105
Q

A raised scar

A

Keloid

106
Q

A scar with a sunken apperance

A

Atrophic scar

107
Q

Raised area of the skin due to tissue healing

A

Granulation tissue

108
Q

Is found at the end of bones where e they form joints

A

Hyaline cartilage

109
Q

This cartilage is not found in the skeletal system

A

Elastic cartilage

110
Q

Is found between vertebrae within the knee and the public symphisis

A

Fibrocartilage

111
Q

Is adipose tissue. As the skeleton increases in size during childhood and adolescence it gains this type of bone marrow

A

Yellow bone marrow

112
Q

Is the site for generation of blood cells

A

Red bone marrow

113
Q

Contains the red bone marrow

A

Spongy bone

114
Q

Attach bones to each other

A

Ligaments

115
Q

Contains the yellow bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity

116
Q

It is made of hyaline cartilage and is found at joints

A

Articular cavity

117
Q

Covers the surface of the bone

A

Periosteum

118
Q

Cylindrical and longer as It is wide while also providing leverage

A

Long bone

119
Q

Cube like shape and provides stability,support, while allowing for some motion

A

Short bone

120
Q

Thin and curved and is found at points of attachment for muscle: protectors of internal organs

A

Flat bone

121
Q

Complex shape and also protects internal organs

A

Irregular bone

122
Q

Small and round and embedded in tendons Wich protects it from compressive force

A

Sesamoid bone

123
Q

How do tendons and ligaments attach to the periosteum

A

Perforating fibers

124
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue lining the surface of the bones

A

Periosteum

125
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue lining the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

126
Q

This is where 2 bones meet

A

Articulating surface

127
Q

Sunken portion of a bone

A

Depressions

128
Q

Projects above the bones surface

A

Projections

129
Q

An opening or a groove in the bone

A

Holes and spaces

130
Q

Round surface

A

Condyle

131
Q

Flat surface

A

Facet

132
Q

Prominent rounded surface

A

Head

133
Q

Rounded articulating surfaces

A

Trochlea

134
Q

It is a depression with a elongated basin

A

Fossa

135
Q

It is a depression with a groove

A

Sulcus

136
Q

Ridge

A

Crest

137
Q

Projection of a condyle

A

Epicondyle

138
Q

Slight elongated ridge

A

Line

139
Q

Prominent feature

A

Process

140
Q

Long projection (branch)

A

Ramus

141
Q

Sharp process

A

Spine

142
Q

Rough and round projection

A

Trochanter

143
Q

Small rounded process

A

Tubercle

144
Q

Rough surface

A

Tuberosity

145
Q

Passage in the bone

A

Canal

146
Q

Slit through bone

A

Fissure

147
Q

Opening into canal

A

Meatus

148
Q

Air filled space within a bone

A

Sinus

149
Q

Cells of cartilage that secrete matrix

A

Chondroblasts

150
Q

Cells that are completely surrounded by matrix

A

Chondrocytes

151
Q

Stem cells that develop into osteoblasts and communicates via canaliculi

A

Osteogenic cells

152
Q

Cells that form new bone matrix

A

Osteoblasts

153
Q

Mature osteoblasts that are completely surrounded by Matrix

A

Osteocytes

154
Q

Cells that break down bown

A

Osteoclasts

155
Q

Structural unit of compact bone

A

Osteon

156
Q

Compact bone is made of matrix called the and surrounds the central canal

A

Concentric lamellae

157
Q

The process of forming bone

A

Ossification

158
Q

Connective tissue is used to make bones and also forms flat bones of cranium and face

A

Intramembranous ossification

159
Q

Hyaline cartilage is used to create bone and it also forms most of the long bones

A

Endochondral ossification

160
Q

This type of cartilage growth grows longer due to mitotic replication of chondrocytes and allows bones to increase in length

A

Interstial cartilage growth

161
Q

Cartilage grows wider Wich occurs as cells in perichondrium become chondroblasts and secrete matrix

A

Appositional cartilage growth

162
Q

Anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis

A

Reserve zone

163
Q

Chondrocytes that recently underwent mitosis

A

Proliferative zone

164
Q

Anchors epiphyseal plate to diaphysis and contains dead chondracytes surrounded by bone matrix

A

Zone of calcified matrix

165
Q

Causes bone to take up calcium

A

Calcitonin

166
Q

Causes bone to release calcium

A

Parathyroid

167
Q

It is a silent disease that decreases bone density over time making them less able to support body weight and handle stress

A

Osteoporosis

MIDTERMS EXAM (5 decks)

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