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AnaPhysio > ANAPHY > Flashcards

ANAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 6 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. System level
  6. Organism level
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2
Q

This is a very BASIC LEVEL compared to the letters of alphabet and includes atoms, the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions.

A

Chemical Level

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3
Q

The BASIC STRUCTURAL and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals

A

CELLULAR LEVEL

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4
Q

Group of CELLS and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function, similar to the way words are put together to form sentences.

A

TISSUE LEVEL

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5
Q

different TYPES OF TISSUES are JOINED TOGETHER Similar to the relationship between sentences and paragraphs.

A

ORGAN LEVEL

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6
Q

5 types of BASIC LIFE PROCESSES

A

-METABOLISM
-RESPONSIVENESS
-GROWTH
-DIFFERENTIATION
-REPRODUCTION

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7
Q

THIS IS THE SUM OF ALL THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN THE BODY

A

METABOLISM

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7
Q

2 types of METABOLISM

A
  • CATABOLISM
  • ANABOLISM
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8
Q

BREAKDOWN OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE.

A

CATABOLISM

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9
Q

BUILDING UP OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES FROM SMALL AND SIMPLER COMPONENTS.

A

ANABOLISM

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10
Q

THIS IS THE BODY’S ABILITY TO DETECT AND RESPOND TO CHANGES

A

RESPONSIVENESS

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11
Q

INCLUDES MOTION OF THE WHOLE BODY, INDIVIDUAL ORGANS, SINGLE CELLS AND EVEN TINY STRUCTURES INSIDE CELLS.

A

MOVEMENT

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12
Q

THIS IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CELL FROM AN UNSPECIALIZED STATE.

A

DIFFERENTIATION

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13
Q

REFERS EITHER TO FORM A NEW CELL FOR TISSUE GROWTH, REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW INDIVIDUAL

A

REPRODUCTION

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14
Q

THIS IS A CONDITION OF EQUILIBRIUM IN THE BODY’S INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT DUE TO THE CONSTANT INTERACTION OF THE BODY’S MANY REGULATORY PROCESSES.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

how-mee-ow-stay- suhs

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15
Q

THIS IS A CYCLE OF EVENTS IN WHICH THE STATUS OF A BODY CONDITION IS MONITORED, EVALUATED, CHANGED, RE-MONITORED AND RE-EVALUATED

A

FEEDBACK SYSTEM

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16
Q

2 types of FEEDBACK

A

NEGATIVE FEED BACK
POSITIVE FEEDBACK

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17
Q

STRENGTHEN OR REINFORCE A CHANGE IN THE ONE OF THE BODY’S CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

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18
Q

REVERSES A CHANGE IN A CONTROLLED CONDITION.

A

NEGATIVE FEED BACK

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19
Q

6 TYPES OF BASIC ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

A
  • REGIONAL NAMES
  • DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGIES
  • PLANES AND SECTIONS
  • BODY CAVITIES
  • MEMBRANES
  • REGIONS AND QUADRANTS
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20
Q

Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure.

A

Superior (soo’-PER-e-or)
(cephalic or cranial)

Ex: The heart is superior to the liver.

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21
Q

Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure.

A

Inferior (in-FE-re-or) (caudal)

Ex: The stomach is inferior to the lungs.

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22
Q

Nearer to or at the front of the body.

A

Anterior (an-TER-e-or) (ventral)*

Ex: The sternum (breastbone) is anterior to the heart.

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23
Q

Nearer to or at the back of the body.

A

Posterior (pos-TER-é-or) (dorsal)

ex: The esophagus (food tube) is posterior to the trachea (windpipe).

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24
Q

Between two structures.

A

Intermediate (in’-ter-ME-de-at)

ex: The transverse colon is intermediate to the ascending and descending colons.

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25
Q

Nearer to the midline (an imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal right and left sides).

A

Medial (ME-de-al)

ex: The ulna is medial to the radius.

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26
Q

Farther from the midline.

A

Lateral (LAT-er-al)

ex: The lungs are lateral to the heart.

27
Q

On the opposite side of the body from another structure.

A

Contralateral (KON-tra-lat-er-al)

ex: The ascending and descending colons are contralateral.

28
Q

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure.

A

Proximal (PROK-si-mal)

ex: The humerus (arm bone) is proximal to the radius

29
Q

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure.

A

Distal (DIS-tal)

ex: The phalanges (finger bones) are distal to the carpals (wrist bones).

30
Q

Toward (PATUNGO) or on the surface(IBABAW) of the body.

A

Superficial (soo’-per-FISH-al) (external)

ex: The ribs are superficial to the lungs.

31
Q

cranial bones and contains the brain.

A

Cranial cavity

31
Q

Away from the surface(IBABAW) of the body.

A

Deep (Internal)

EX: The ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back

31
Q

vertebral column and contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves.

A

Vertebral canal

31
Q

Chest cavity contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum.

A

Thoracic cavity

32
Q

potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart.

A

Pericardial cavity

32
Q

potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung.

A

Pleural cavity

32
Q

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

32
Q

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.

A

Abdominal cavity

33
Q

Central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

A

Mediastinum

34
Q

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

34
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction.

34
Q

THE CHEMICAL LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

3 types of CHEMICAL BONDS

A

IONIC BOND
COVALENT BOND
HYDROGEN BOND

35
Q

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A
  • CARBOHYDRATES
  • LIPIDS
    • PROTEIN
    • NUCLEIC ACID (DNA AND RNA)
36
Q

CARBOHYDRATES (C,H,O)

5 types of Monosaccharides

A
  • Glucose (the main blood sugar)
  • Fructose (found in fruits)
  • Galactose (in milk sugar).
  • Deoxyribose (in DNA)
  • Ribose (in RNA)
37
Q

3 types of Disaccharides

A
  • Sucrose (table sugar)
  • Lactose (milk sugar)
  • Maltose ( glucose + glucose.)
38
Q

3 types of Polysaccharides

A
  • Glycogen (stored form of carbohydrates in animals)
  • Starches (main carbohydrates in food).
  • Cellulose(part of cell walls in plants that cannot be digested)
39
Q

Types of Lipids

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • Steroids
  • Eicosanoids
  • Other lipids
40
Q

6 Functions of Protein

A
  • Structural (collagen)
  • Regulatory (neurotransmitter)
  • Contractile (myosin and actin)
  • Immunological (antibodies and interleukins)
  • Transport (hemoglobin)
  • Catalytic (ATPase)
41
Q

Gene is a segment of a DNA molecule.

42
Q

Relays instructions from the genes to guide cell’s synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

43
Q

THE CELLULAR ORGANIZATION

3 types of PARTS OF THE CELL

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

44
Q

PARTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE

A
  • LIPID BILAYER
  • MEMBRANE PROTEINS
    • INTEGRAL PROTEINS
    • PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
44
Q

Permits some substances to pass more readily than others.

A

SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

45
Q

is a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another

A

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

46
Q

is a difference in electrical charges between two regions.

A

ELECTRICAL GRADIENT

47
Q

TRANSPORT PROCESS ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

types of PASSIVE TRANSPORT

A
  1. Diffusion
    • Simple diffusion
    • Facilitated diffusion
    • Channel-mediated
      -Carrier-mediated
  2. Osmosis
48
Q

types of ACTIVE TRANSPORT

A

1.Primary active transport (Na-K Pump)
2. Secondary active transport
- Antiportes
- Symporters
3. Vesicular
- Endocytosis
1. Receptor mediated
2. Phagocytosis
3. Pinocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Transcytosis (blood plasma and placenta)

AnaPhysio (4 decks)

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