Analysis of Growth

Question 0

What is the single best growth chart indicator of acute undernutrition?

Answer 0

Weight for height below the 5th percentile remains the single best growth chart indicator of acute undernutrition

Question 1

Diagnosis of failure to thrive

Answer 1

• if a child’s weight is below the 5th percentile
• if it drops down more than 2 major percentile lines
• if weight for height is less than the 5th percentile

Question 2

Define lower body segment

Answer 2

the length from the symphysis pubis to the floor

Question 3

Define upper body segment

Answer 3

height minus lower body segment

Question 4

The ratio of upper body segment divided by lower body segment (U/L ratio) equals approximately 1.7 at birth, 1.3 at 3 yr of age, and 1.0 after 7 yr of age. What is signified in a high U/L ratio?

Answer 4

Higher U/L ratios are characteristic of short-limb dwarfism or bone disorders, such as rickets.

Question 5

When does initial mineralization of teeth occur?

Answer 5

As early as second trimester and continues through 3 yr of age for the primary (deciduous) teeth and 25 yr of age for the permanent teeth

Question 6

When is delayed eruption of teeth considered?

Answer 6

when there are no teeth by approximately 13 mo of age

Question 7

What are the common causes of delayed teeth eruption?

Answer 7

hypothyroid, hypoparathyroid, familial, and (the most common) idiopathic

Question 8

What are the causes of early exfoliation (bungi) of teeth?

Answer 8

histiocytosis X, cyclic neutropenia, leukemia, trauma, and idiopathic factors.