Analysis Flashcards
Consists the 3 parts; UML, business analysis and requirement analysis
What is analysis in business?
It’s often used to identify problems or opportunities, evaluate options and make informed decisions
What is the SWOT analysis?
It’s a strategic planning technique used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and Threats involved in a project a business venture
What is root cause analysis?
A methodical approach used
to identify the underlying cause of a problem
What are the 4 different root cause analysis methods covered in class?
- 5 whys
- Fishbone Diagram
- Pareto Chart
- FMEA
What is the 5 whys method?
repeatedly asking “why?” to
uncover the underlying causes
of a problem.
What is the Fishbone (Ishkawa) Diagram?
It identifies many possible causes for an effect problem.
What is the Pareto rule?
A generalized phenomenon that
highlights uneven power distribution
“80% of the issues are determined by 20 % of the causes.”
What’s FMEA?
A Structured & proactive method
used to identify and asses potential failures in a product/service
What does FMEA stand for?
Failure Modes & Effects Analysis
What’s the process for creating an FMEA?
1) Identify the process/subsystem to analyze
2) Identify potential failure
3) Determine the RPN (Severity x Occurrence x Detention)
4) Prioritize the failure models based on the RPN, and identify the high-priority failure models
5) Identify & implement actions to reduce or eliminate the high-priority failure modes
6) Periodically review and update the FMEAS as needed to ensure continuous improvement &, effectiveness in addressing the identified failure modes.
What is an Agile environment?
A workspace or project setting that embraces the principles of agile methodology
What is an agile methodology?
A method that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration iterative progress & quick adaptation to changes
What is a domain model?
It’s a sketch of the elementary entities of the system & the relationship between them. This doesn’t rely on a specific software (platform independent)
What does a domain model consist of?
- Conceptual objects
- Attributes
- Relationships & Multiplicity
What are relationships in a domain model?
It’s a link or association between 2+ entities
What are aggregations & compositions?
They are subsets of association
What’s an aggregation?
It’s a relationship where the child can exist without the parent
What’s a composition?
A relationship where the child cannot exist without the parent
What’s a requirement?
- A need for automation coming from the business’ perspective
OR - A demand for expected behavior & quality required from the system
What focus a “business perspective” requirement does have?
- The business request
- The user request
What can a “system perspective” requirement be?
- Functional
- Non-functional
What is a business requirement?
A high-level statement that defines why a project or a system is needed
What are the key traits of a business requirement?
- Strategic: Tied to long-term goals
- Non-technical: expressed in business terms, not system features
- Scope setting: Guides which user & system requirement are relevant
What are the questions that a Business requirement answer?
- WHY is this initiative important?
- WHAT business problem does it solve
- WHAT value will it create?
What is a user requirement?
It defines what the user needs from a system to achieve their goals expressed from their POV
What are the key traits of a user requirement?
- User-centric: Focused on the users needs, not the system implementation
- Actionable: Describes a task/process
- Non-technical: Uses plain language
What are the questions that a user requirement answers?
- WHO the user it
- Why it matters to them
- WHAT action they want to perform
In what form can the answers of a user requirement look like?
It can be in a form of a user story or user cases
What is a user story?
“As a user, I want to do [X] so that I can benefit [Y]”
What are user cases?
A step-by-step guide on how a user achieves a goal
What is a Functional requirement?
It defines a specific behaviors or capabilities a system must have to fulfill user a business needs
What are the specificities of a technical requirement?
- Actions: What the system must perform
- Features: Discreet functionalities
- Inputs/Outputs: How the system responds to user action or data
What are the key traits of a technical requirement?
- System Centric: Focused on software behavior, not user goals
- Testable: Must have clear pass/fail criteria
- Implementation-Agnostic: Describes what and not how
What are Non-functional requirements?
It defines specific behavior or capabilities a system must have to fulfill user and business needs
What are the specificities of a non-functional requirement?
- Quality Standards: performance, security, usability, etc.
- Constraints: Technical or operational limits
- Measurement criteria: Quantifiable metrics
What are the key traits of a non-technical requirement?
- System-wide: applies globally, not to individual features
- Measurable: Defined with metrics
- Often Implicit: Divided from user expectations
What are the 6 steps for an Agile flow?
1) Define business requirements
2) Discover User requirements
3) Create user stories
4) Derive Functional requirements
5) Identify non-functional requirements
6) Sprint planning & execution
What does a user story always consists of?
- A short description
- An oral agreement
- An acceptance criteria
What is the INVEST model?
A set of criteria used to evaluate the quality of a user story in agile movement
What does INVEST stand for?
- Independent
- Negotiable
- Valuable
- Estimable
- Small
- Testable
What the “Independent” stand for in the INVEST model?
The story can be developed & delivered without relying on other stories
What the “Negotiable” stand for in the INVEST model?
The story’s scope is flexible and open to discussion
What the “Valuable” stand for in the INVEST model?
Delivers a clear value to the user to the business
What the “Estimable” stand for in the INVEST model?
The team can estimate the effort request
What the “Small” stand for in the INVEST model?
The story is small enough to complete in a sprint
What the “Testable” stand for in the INVEST model?
The story has a clear acceptance criteria to verify completion
What are the steps that consist an agile process?
1) Gather User stories
2) Refine User stories
3) Estimate Effort
4) Prioritize the backlog
What is a backlog?
A list of tasks, features or items to be completed as part of a larger product roadmap
Who gathers user stories in the agile process?
The product owner collaborates with the stakeholders
How do they gather user stories in the agile process?
They conduct interviews, surveys, or workshops & document needs as user stories
What is the output from gathering user stories in the agile process?
Raw stories are added to the product backlog
Who refines user stories in the agile process?
The PO, Scrum master, and the dev team
How do they refine user stories in the agile process?
They apply INVEST criteria & split the large stories in smaller ones
What is the output from refining user stories in the agile process?
Priortized, well-defined stories in the backlog
What’s the technique used to estimate the effort in the agile process?
Playing poker: Uses the Fibonacci sequence to assign in the backlog.
Why do we estimate the effort in the agile process?
It ensures realistic sprint commitments
What’s the method used to prioritize the backlog in the agile process?
MoSCoW prioritization
What is the MoSCoW prioritization? (what does it stand for)
- Must have
- Should have
- Can have
- Won’t have
Who prioritizes the backlog in the agile process?
The product owner
