Analogies

Question 1

Watch analogy- Paley

Answer 1

Walking on a heath. A rock has no intelligent designer and is a result of weathering- it has always been there. A watch must have because of the intricate parts.
3 qualifications: even if you’ve never seen a watch before, even if it’s broken, even if you don’t understand every part, you would still assume it was designed.

Question 2

Archer analogy- Aquinas

Answer 2

An archer (God) shoots an arrow (all things in the universe) towards a target (its telos). The arrow can only be moved by a sentient being. Eg whale migration. Moves towards its telos.

Question 3

1st way: motion and change- Aquinas

Answer 3

States of matter. Things are always in motion and must be moved by another thing, as nothing can move itself. The first mover that set everything off is God, drawing from Aristotle.
A piece of marble needs a sculptor (efficient) to mould it into a statue

Question 4

2nd way: cause and effect- Aquinas

Answer 4

Writing. Aquinas did not believe in deism, but theism- a God who is constantly interacting with earth. Nothing would exist if something was not writing it and constantly making it move. Nothing can move itself, so God has to do it

Question 5

3rd way: contingent and necessary beings- Aquinas

Answer 5

A person and their parents, water, shelter. Everything depends on another force for existence- everything on earth is contingent. Something must cause these resources to sustain life- a necessary being who does not rely on anything is God.

Question 6

Fallacy of composition- Hume