Analgesics

Question 1

analgesic

Answer 1

selectively relieve pain by acting in CNS or on peripheral pain mechanisms without altering consciousness
- either narcotics or non-narcotics

Question 2

examples of narcotic analgesics

Answer 2

morphine
heroin
codeine
methadone
pethidine
fentabyl

Question 3

examples of opiate analgesics

Answer 3

enkephalins
endorphins
dynorphins

Question 4

morphine / MS Contin

Answer 4

class: opioid analgesic
indication: pain relief, acute MI
contraindication
side effects: high potential for addiction, respiratory depression, miosis, itching, N/V, constipation

Question 5

Fentanyl/Duragesic

Answer 5

class: opioid analgesic
indication: pain relief, anesthesia, intractable pain (more potent than morphine)
contraindication: pregnancy
side effects: respiratory depression, constipation, addiction

Question 6

Buprenorphine

Answer 6

class: semi-synthetic oioid
indications: opioid addiction, pain

Question 7

codeine

Answer 7

class: opioid analgesic
indication: pain relief, antitussive
contraindications: child undergoing tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, pregnant, sleep apnea
side effects: lower abuse potential, sedation, constipation, itching,

Question 8

Tramadol/Ultram

Answer 8

class: centrally acting analgesic
indications: moderate to severe pain
contraindications:
side effects: respiratory depression, N/V, drowsiness, memory loss, constipation, sweating

Question 9

acetaminophen-containing narcotic analgesics

Answer 9

codeine/acetaminophen - Tylenol 3 or4
hydrocodone/acetaminophen - vicodin, Lortab
oxycodone/acetaminophen - Percocet
propoxyphene/acetaminophen - darvocet

Question 10

methadone

Answer 10

class: synthetic opioid
indications: controlled withdrawal of heroin and morphine addicted patients

Question 11

narcotic antagonists

Answer 11

naloxone
naltrexone
nalorphine

Question 12

Naltrexone

Answer 12

class: opioid receptor antagonist
indications: management of alcohol and opioid dependence (naloxone used for emergent tx of narcotic overdose).
contraindications: pregnancy
side effects:

Question 13

naloxone

Answer 13

class: opioid antagonist
indication: opioid overdose

Question 14

dextromethorphan

Answer 14

class: dextro-isomer of codeine
indication: antitussive - no analgesic or sedative effects

Question 15

Aspirin

Answer 15

anti-inflammatory
anit-pyretic
anti-coagulant
decreases prostaglandin synthesis locally

Question 16

COX inhibitors / NSAIDs

Answer 16

MOA: inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins
types: Ibuprofin, acetaminophen, aspirin
class: NSAID
indication: inflammation, pain, fever
side effects: GI irritation, PUD, N/V, increased risk of bleeding, Reye’s syndrome
*aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2
*advil reversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2
tylenol - not really a COX inhibitor (possibly COX-3) - NEVER mix ETOH with tylenol

Question 17

Celecoxib/celebrex

Answer 17

class: NSAID
indication: inflammation, pain, adenomatous polups
side effects: CVD

Question 18

which NSAID is contraindicated in pregnancy and with ETOH

Answer 18

acetaminophen/tylenol

• NAPQI
• NAC is antidote

Question 19

Ketofolac

Answer 19

first injectable NSAID