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Pharmacology > Analgesic/Antipyretic (CH 10) > Flashcards

Analgesic/Antipyretic (CH 10) Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

Signal sent to CNS; subjective and universal; use 1-10 scale for adults and cries chart for pediatrics

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2
Q

Tissue injury releases….

A

bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin (all stimulate nerve endings)

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3
Q

Gate theory

A

common and well-described theory of pain; analogy of a gate to describe how injured tissues are sensed in the brain

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4
Q

A Fibers

A

Have a myelin sheath, are large fiber size, conduct quickly, are sharp and well localized

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5
Q

C Fibers

A

Have no myelin sheath, are small in fiber size, conduct slowly and are dull and nonlocalized

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6
Q

Endorphins

A

Lower pain threshold briefly

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7
Q

Pain Management

A

Treats the cause, is safe, provides effective releif

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8
Q

Analgesics

A

Relieve pain without loss of consciuousness

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9
Q

Opiods

A

Provide relief by attaching to pain receptors

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10
Q

Agonist

A

Combinen with opiod receptor to produce an analgesic response

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11
Q

Alternate uses of opiods

A

Cough suppressant: depresses respiratory center

Diarrhea treatment: slows motility of the bowels

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12
Q

Effects of Opiods

A

euphoria, NV, respiratory depression, urinary retention, diaphoresis and flushing, pupils constrict (miosis), constipation

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13
Q

Nursing Implications of Opiods

A

Get thorough history, baseline vitals and assessment. Assess for potential contraindications and drug interactions. Watch first time users for 30-45 minutes. Take oral dose with food.

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14
Q

Opiod Addiction

A

A pattern of compulsive druge use when the medication is not needed for pain. (Taper off medication)

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15
Q

Opiate Antagonist

A

Nalaxone (Narcan). Binds to opiod receptors and prevets a response. Opiods will not work for up to 24 hours after due to this blockage

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16
Q

ASA

A

Aspirin: interferes with synthesis of prostaglandins and chemical substances released from injured tissue

17
Q

ASA Adverse Effects

A

GI irritation and bleeding, tinnitus, Reye’s Syndrome (children)

18
Q

Acetaminophen Adverse Effects

A

overdose causes hepatic necrosis, long-term can cause nephropathy. Normal dose is 150mg/kg

19
Q

Acute overdose of Acetaminophen

A

Treated with Acetylcysteine (smells like rotten eggs); given orally, prevents the formation of hepatotoxic metabolites

20
Q

What is potentiation

A

two medications working together to provide therapuetic results

21
Q

What will the nurse teach the client when administering methadone?

A

that it has an extended duration of action

22
Q

What is one of the most important considerations before giving a client a PCA pump?

A

the clients ability to understand and follow directions

23
Q

What medication would the nurse question giving throuigh and epidural?

A

duramorph

24
Q

What medication should the nurse give if the client is allergic to aspirin?

A

Celebrex

25
Q

The nurse knows the max dose of Ibuprofen in 24 hours is…

A

3200 mg

26
Q

The nurse knows that this agent is most likely to aggrevate epilepsy and psychiatric disturbances

A

Indomethacin

27
Q

Drug addiction and Opiods

A

Do not undertreat pain because of a fear of client addiction

28
Q

IM analgesics

A

Avoid IM route with analgesics

29
Q

False positive

A

Aspirin can cause a fals positive reading for glycosuria

30
Q

High doses of Aspirin

A

can cause tinnitus and vertigo

31
Q

Children and Opiods

A

Children should be placed on a cardiopulmonary monitor when given parenteral morphine, hydromorphone or fentanyl

32
Q

FIbromyalgia clients

A

the use of MAO inhibitors and clients with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma are contraindications of using Milnaciprian or Duloxetine

33
Q

Teaching for clients who take large doses of aspirin

A

Drop a tablet of apsirin into a glass of room temperature water. Brands that dissolve within one minute are recommended

34
Q

How long should methadone (Dolophine) be given?

A

10 days

35
Q

How long does it take for respiratory depression to occur?

A

30 minutes with morphine, 1 hour with meperidine

36
Q

What are the precautions for fentanyl pathces?

A

Only prescribed to opiod tolerant patients and they must wear them for at least 12-18 hours

37
Q

What medications should be delivered through an epidural?

A

bupivacaine, morphine, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), and fentanyl citrate

38
Q

Triptan precautions

A

Over the age of 18; do not take other headache medication or antidepressants within 24 hours of taking triptans

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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