Analgesia Questions Flashcards
What are the contraindications of opioid?
Severe liver and kidney failure
What is the generic name for Comfortan?
Methadone
Full agonists are used to treat mild-moderate pain
True or False
False
What drug category is meloxicam
NSAID’s
What does NSAID stand for?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Is acupuncture more often used for chronic or acute pain?
Chronic
What drug is used to treat convulsions and neuropathic pain?
Gabapentin
Can fentanyl be administered via CRI?
True or false
True
What are the possible side effects of NSAIDS? (4)
GI irritation + ulceration
Renal failure
Liver toxicity
Blood imbalances
What procedures is buprenorphine commonly used for?
Superficial surgeries + stitch ups
Neutering
Amputation and orthopaedic procedures
Superficial surgeries and stitch ups
Where on the nervous system do opioids act?
Act centrally and peripherally
Is Morphine a full or partial agonist?
Full antagonist
Which of the following opioids is administered by CRI:
Methadone
Buprenorphine
Fentanyl
Fentanyl
NSAIDS are suitable for animals under the age of 6 weeks?
No they are unsuitable
Acupuncture is most often used in patients with acute pain
True or False
False
How is Ketamine given when used for analgesic purposes?
Infusion
Which drug can be administered to reverse analgesia provided by alpha 2 agonists?
Atipamezole
What do NSAIDS inhibit?
They inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators.
What species Is Methadone licensed for?
Dogs and Cats
What type of pain would Buprenorphine be used to treat?
mild > moderate pain
What is the difference between full and partial agonists and give 1 example of each?
Full agonists are used for moderate to severe pain. E.g. morphine, fentanyl, methadone, pethidine.
Partial agonists are used for mild to moderate moderate pain. E.g. buprenorphine, butorphanol
List 2 side effects of opioids
Excitement where no pain exists
Hyper excitement & seizures in cats
Respiratory depression (worse in humans)
Cough reflex depressed
Adverse gastrointestinal effects: intestinal spasms, constipation with prolonged use, contraction of the bile duct
What do NSAIDs stand for?
Non steroidal anti inflammatories drugs
What is the generic name for Metacam?
Meloxicam
You should avoid NSAIDs if the patient has pre-existing renal disease: TRUE OR FALSE
True
List 2 types of local anaesthetics?
Lignocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine
What is Gabapentin?
Aanticonvulsant
How must ketamine be delivered for the purposes of analgesia?
At a very low dose either as a bolus or as an infusion
Is methadone an opioid?
Yes
Is meloxicam an NSAID?
Yes
Can an NSAID be used in an animal under 6 weeks old?
No
Is gabapentin a convulsant?
No
Can NSAID’s be used in a patient with renal failure?
No
Is acupuncture a form of pain relief?
Yes
Do alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonists have a sedative effect?
Yes
Should opioids be used in patients with severe liver and kidney failure?
No
Should ketamine be given at a high dose rate where used purely for analgesia?
No
Are benzodiazepines used to control muscle spasms?
Yes
Partial agonists are used for moderate-severe pain. True or false?
False
Name 2 commonly used full agonists.
Methadone and Fentanyl.
What are contraindications of using steroids?
Advanced respiratory dysfunction and severe liver and kidney failure.
NSAIDS inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators vie the inhibition of COX enzymes. Give an example of an inflammatory mediator.
Prostaglandins.
Give 4 examples of NSAIDS.
Meloxicam, Carprofen, Robenacoxib, Aspirin, Phenybutazone, Ketoprofen, Paracetamol.
Name 3 adverse affects that could occur when giving a patient NSAIDS.
Gastrointestinal irritation and ulceration, renal failure, blood imbalances, liver toxicity.
When should you avoid giving a patient NSAIDS?
Dehydrated, hypotensive, pre-existing renal disease, liver disease and animals already on corticosteroids or other NSAIDS.
What forms does the local anaesthetic Lignocaine come in?
injection, gel, spray.
What kind of pain may Gabapentin be used for?
Neuropathic pain.
