Analgesia and Pain Management Flashcards
1
Q
Define pain
A
An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage
2
Q
What are the 4 types of pain?
A
- nociceptive
- inflammatory
- neuropathic
- mixed
3
Q
What are the peripheral mechanisms of nociceptive pain?
A
- inflammatory mediators released (K+, H+, bradykinin, histamine, 5HT, NO)
- activation of arachidonic pathway (leukotriene and PG production)
- activation of peripheral nociception
- modulation of primary afferents to stimulus
4
Q
What are the peripheral mechanisms of neuropathic pain?
A
- alteration in ion channel expression
- collateral sprouting at primary afferents
- sprouting of sympathetic neurons at DRG
- hyper excited NS
5
Q
What is nociplastic pain?
A
- central pain sensitisation
- imbalance of glutamate systems and cannabinoids
- spinal reorganisation
6
Q
What are the features of acute pain?
A
- nociceptive
- less than 12 weeks
- detect noxious/damaging stimuli by primary afferents
- pain response correlates to degree of tissue inflammation
7
Q
What are the features of chronic pain?
A
- more than 12 weeks
- central/peripheral sensitisation
- less effective response to treatment
- unpredictable
- psychological component
- no apparent ongoing tissue damage
8
Q
What are the conventional analgesics?
A
- paracetamol
- NSAIDS/COX2
- weak opoids
- tramadol
- strong opoids
