Anaesthetics Pain Flashcards
what is pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with acutal or potential tissue damage
why treat pain
1 in 4 live with persistent pain
lowers quality of life
lower back pain is number 1 disease
wha are the physical benefits for treating pain
better sleep
fewer medical complications
what are the psychological benefits of treating pain
reduced suffering
less depression
less anxiety
what are the benefits for the fmaily
no longer see love one suffering
able to keep working
what are the benefits for soecity
lower health costs
can contribute to community
what is the classification of pain
duration
cause
mechanism
what are the different type of duration
acute
chronic
acute on chronic
what are the different causes
cancer
no-cancer
what are the different mechanisms
nociceptive
neuropathic
what is nociceptive pain
obvious tissue injury
inflammatory pain
sharp and dull
well localised
what is neuropathic pain
nervous system damage
tissue injury may not be obvious
bruning, numbness, pins and needles
not well localised
what happens at the periphery
tissue injury
release of chemicals
stimulation of pain receptors-alpha or c fibres
signsal travels to spinal chrod
what happens int he spinal chord
goes to dorsal horn
A or c nerve synapses
the second nerv travels up the opposite side of the spinal chord
what happens int he brain
the thalamus is the second relay system
connections to many parts of the brain
pain perception occurs int he cortex
what is the gate control theory
when pain is felt, rubbing or itching to emliamte the pain
this activates no nociceptive fibres which can interfere with singles from pain fibres which can inhibit pain
what are the drug classifications
simple analgesics -NSAIDSs, para
opioids
other analgesics- antidepressents
what are treatments for peripheral pain
rest, ice
NSAIDs
what are treatments for spinal chord
acuptuncture
opiods
ketamine
what are treatmentsfor brain
paracetamol
opioids
explain paracetamol
cheap and safe
given orally, rectally or iv
liver damage if OD
explains NSAIDS
aspirin, ibuprofen
cheap and safe
good for nociceptive pain
GI and renal side effects
explain codeine
cheap and safe
good for nociceptive pain
constipation
explain tramadol
weak opioid
can cause nausea and vomitting
