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NZ Vet Nursing: Anesthesia > Anaesthetic Monitoring > Flashcards

Anaesthetic Monitoring Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all of the things that need to be monitored during anesthesia?

A

Isoflurane %, oxygen level, respiratory rate, respiratory character, pulse/heart rate, pulse character, blood pressure, mucous membrane colour, capillary refill time, reflexes, palpebral (blink), pedal (paw pinch), jaw tone, eye position, pupil size.

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2
Q

What does CRT stand for and show?

A

Capillary refill time. It shows how well perfusion is in areas of the body.

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3
Q

What are the units for Isoflaurane levels?

A

%.

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4
Q

What are the units for oxygen levels?

A

L/min

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5
Q

What are the units for respiratory rate?

A

bpm (breaths per minute).

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6
Q

What are some examples of how respiratory character can be described?

A

Deep, shallow, thoracic, abdominal, other.

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7
Q

What order would you do the monitoring checks in?

A

Machine check (Isoflurane %, oxygen level),
Vitals (heart rate, respiratory rate + character),
Paw area (blood pressure, pulse character, pedal reflex),
Mouth (Jaw tone, MM colour, CRT),
Eyes (palpebral reflex, pupil size, eye position).

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8
Q

What is the palpebral reflex?

A

The blink reflex.

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9
Q

How often should the monitoring chart be filled?

A

At least every 5 minutes, ideally more often.

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10
Q

What are the normal HR ranges for dogs?

A

60-150 bpm

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11
Q

What are the normal HR ranges for cats?

A

100-200 bpm

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12
Q

What are the normal HR ranges for rabbits?

A

130-325 bpm

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13
Q

When should the temperature be taken?

A

Before surgery, after surgery and during recovery.

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14
Q

What are the normal temperature ranges for dogs?

A

38.3-39.2 degrees celsius

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15
Q

What are the normal temperature ranges for cats?

A

38.2-38.6 degrees celsius

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16
Q

What are the normal temperature ranges for rabbits?

A

38.5-40 degrees celsius

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17
Q

What are the normal RR ranges for dogs?

A

10-30 bpm

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18
Q

What are the normal RR ranges for cats?

A

20-30 bpm

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19
Q

What are the normal RR ranges for rabbits?

A

30-60 bpm

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20
Q

What are the normal HR ranges for dogs under 25kg?

A

65-180 bpm

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21
Q

What are the normal HR ranges for dogs over 25kg?

A

65-120 bpm

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22
Q

What does MM mean and show?

A

Mucous Membrane colour. It shows how well perfusion is in areas of the body.

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23
Q

What is the normal mucous membrane colour for cats and dogs?

A

Pink. Cats may have a slightly more pale pink than dogs.

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24
Q

What is the normal capillary refill time for cats and dogs?

A

1-2 seconds

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25
Q

What is the normal oxygen saturation for cats and dogs?

A

98-100%

26
Q

What are the signs of Stage 1 anaesthesia?

A
  • Voluntary responses are present but may be affected by premed
  • The Induction of anaesthesia begins
27
Q

What are the signs of Stage 2 anaesthesia?

A
  • May see some initial involuntary excitement
  • Loss of consciousness occurs
  • Can still blink, swallow, clench jaws, withdraw limb etc
  • Closest stage to being “asleep”
  • Eyes are central
28
Q

What are the signs of Stage 4 anaesthesia?

A

NODY – Not Officially Dead Yet

29
Q

What are the signs of Stage 3, Plane 1 anaesthesia?

A
  • Reflexes are strong, brisk and obvious
  • Heart Rate (HR) and Resp Rate (RR) increase in response to pain
  • Will withdraw limb in response to pinching of toes (Pedal Response)
  • Obvious Palpebral Response
  • Eyes are central and normal (looking at you)
  • Intubation may be possible in dogs but not in cats
30
Q

What are the signs of Stage 3, Plane 2 anaesthesia?

A
  • This is our target plane. Medium Depth Anaesthesia
  • HR and RR stabilise
  • Palpebral is absent
  • Pedal response absent – no withdrawal and no change in HR, RR
  • Eyes have rotated ventrally. Pupil size? Medetomidine?
  • Laryngeal reflex gone in dog but not in cat
  • Good muscle relaxation for most surgeries
  • BP, HR, RR, usually quite stable here
  • No response to pain here
  • This is your comfortable cruising altitude
  • Try to stay right here until the procedure is complete
31
Q

What are the signs of Stage 3, Plane 3 anaesthesia?

A
  • Deep Anaesthesia
  • No response to stimulus anywhere
  • RR and HR can become erratic or depressed
  • Eyes rotate centrally and corneas become dry and reflex lost
  • Pupils dilated
  • Time to decrease the anaesthetic
32
Q

What are the signs of Stage 3, Plane 4 anaesthesia?

A
  • You need to act quickly now to decrease the anaesthetic
  • Pupils are central, dilated and fixed
  • No reflexes
  • Diaphragmatic breathing only
33
Q

What anaesthesia stage and plane is used for surgery?

A

Stage 3, Plane 2.

34
Q

What is the Greek meaning for anaesthesia?

A

Without sensation

35
Q

What is the Greek meaning for analgesia?

A

Without pain

36
Q

What does local anaesthesia affect?

A

Small area (numb fingertip)

37
Q

What does regional anaesthesia affect?

A

Larger area than local (numb hand)

38
Q

What does general anaesthesia affect?

A

The whole patient (numb body)

39
Q

What is the goal of anaesthesia?

A

To provide reversible unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility

40
Q

What are the risks of anaesthesia?

A

Death, hypotension/hypertension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, myocardial depression, vasodilation / vasoconstriction, hypoxia / hypercapnia

41
Q

How is anaesthetic monitoring like flying a plane?

A

wip

42
Q

What is Hg?

A

Mercury

43
Q

What is mmHg?

A

A unit of pressure required to move a column of Hg by 1 mm.

44
Q

What is Hgb?

A

Haemoglobin. A protein on the RBC that may or may not carry O2.

45
Q

What is Ox-Hgb?

A

Oxygenated Haemoglobin.

46
Q

What is deox-Hgb?

A

de-oxygenated Haemoglobin.

47
Q

What is SO2?

A

Oxygen saturation. % of Hgb binding sites occupied by Oxygen.

48
Q

What is PvO2?

A

The partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood.

49
Q

What is PaCo2?

A

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

50
Q

What is SaO2?

A

Arterial oxygen saturation. The % of arterial Hgb proteins carrying O2.

51
Q

What is SvO2?

A

Venous oxygen saturation.

52
Q

What is SpO2?

A

Peripheral oxygen saturation (an estimation of the SO2 by the Pulse Ox).

53
Q

What is PO2?

A

The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (dissolved oxygen).

54
Q

What is PaO2?

A

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.

55
Q

What is PvO2?

A

The partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood.

56
Q

What is PaCo2?

A

The partial pressure in carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

57
Q

What is FiO2?

A

Fraction or concentration of oxygen in the volume being measured.

58
Q

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A

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59
Q

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A

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60
Q

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A

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NZ Vet Nursing: Anesthesia (10 decks)

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