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Y3 Clinical Skills > Anaesthetic equipment > Flashcards

Anaesthetic equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Which 5 pieces of equipment are needed for anaesthesia?

A
  • Anaesthetic machine
  • Anaesthetic breathing systems
  • Endotracheal tubes
  • Scavenger
  • Calculator
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2
Q

What is the general aim of anaesthesia?

A

To ensure your patient is in a state of controlled unconsciousness
with associated analgesia and muscle relaxation

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3
Q

What are the 5 stages of anaesthesia?

A
  1. Pre-operative assessment
  2. Premedication
  3. Induction of anaesthesia
  4. Maintenance of anaesthesia
  5. Recovery from anaesthesia
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4
Q

What are the aims of premedication?

A
  1. Reduce anxiety
  2. Ease handling of the patient
  3. Smooth induction
  4. Smooth maintenance
  5. Smooth recovery
  6. Reduce the dose of anaesthetic drugs required
  7. Provide pre-emptive analgesia
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5
Q

Following premedication, anaesthesia of patients in veterinary practice generally involves the use of which two different agents?

A
  • Injectable e.g. propofol

- Inhalation e.g. isoflurane

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6
Q

Which period is associated with the greatest risk of morbidity and mortality in anaesthesia?

A

Recovery period

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7
Q

What are the 3 functions of breathing systems?

A
  • Deliver anaesthetic vapour
  • Deliver oxygen
  • Remove carbon dioxide
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8
Q

What are the two major types of breathing systems?

A

Rebreathing systems

Non-rebreathing systems

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9
Q

Describe a rebreathing system

A
  • Allow the patient to rebreathe expired gas
  • CO2 must be extracted before the patient rebreathes this gas
  • Economical
  • High resistance
  • Suitable for patients over 15Kg
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10
Q

Describe a non-rebreathing system

A
  • Don’t allow the patient to rebreathe expired gas
  • Utilise a high fresh gas flow rate
  • Suitable for patients less than 25Kg
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11
Q

What are the 5 principle components of a breathing system?

A
  1. Adaptor to connect to an ET tube
  2. Expiratory valve
  3. Reservoir bag
  4. Fresh gas tubing
  5. Expired gas tubing
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12
Q

What is the function of the expiratory valve?

A

Allows expired gas to exit the breathing system once the pressure in the system exceeds a certain level and prevents the animal rebreathing expired air.

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13
Q

What is the function of the reservoir bag?

A

Allows us to undertake intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) should the patient stop breathing

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14
Q

What should the capacity of the reservoir bag be?

A

Twice the normal tidal volume of the patient

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15
Q

What is present in the canister to react with expired CO2?

A

Soda lime

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16
Q

What are the 5 principle components of the anaesthetic machine?

A
  • Fresh gas supply
  • Flowmeter with bypass valve
  • Vaporiser
  • Breathing system with pressure relief valve
  • Scavenging system
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17
Q

How is the anaesthetic machine designed to ensure that the correct gases enter the correct piping of the machine?

A

Gas cylinders are connected to the machine using a connector - these are designed so only one type of cylinder can connect to it

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18
Q

What is controlled by the flow meter?

A

The flow of gas (oxygen and anaesthetic gas) to the patient

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19
Q

What is the function of the vapouriser?

A

Mixes an appropriate level of inhalational agent with O2 in order to maintain anaesthesia

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20
Q

The amount of inhalational agent delivered by the vaporiser is measured as what?

A

A percentage so turning the dial on the vaporiser to 1 means the fresh gas delivered to the patient will be 1% inhalational agent and 99% O2

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21
Q

What is a scavenger system?

A

Removes exhaled gases from the vet’s environment

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22
Q

What is found within a scavenger canister?

A

Activated charcoal which removes organic gases

23
Q

The scavenger has limited capacity so how can the efficacy be ensured?

A

By weighing daily

24
Q

The Magill system consists of which 4 principle components of breathing systems?

A
  • Connector to an ET tube
  • Expiratory valve
  • Reservoir bag
  • Single tubing: expired and fresh are in the same tube
25
Q

In what size of patient can the Magill system be used?

A

More than 10Kg

26
Q

What is the Mapleson classification of the Magill system?

A

A

27
Q

When is a Magill system not very effective?

A
  • Surgery close to the head

- When giving intermittent positive pressure ventilation (valve and reservoir bag far apart)

28
Q

Which system consists of all 5 components of a breathing system?

A

Mapleson D

29
Q

The Mapleson D system is used in patients of what body weight?

A

Less than 10Kg

30
Q

Why is the Mapleson D system less efficient than the Magill system?

A

Requires a higher fresh gas flow rate in order to ensure that expired gas is cleared from the reservoir bag prior to the next inspiration

31
Q

What is classified as a Mapleson E?

A

Ayre’s T-piece

32
Q

Which 3 principle components of a breathing system are involved in a Mapleson E system?

A

The connector to an ET tube
Green fresh gas tubing
Expired gas tubing

33
Q

The Mapleson E system is used in patients of what BW?

A

Less than 10Kg

34
Q

Why can IPPV not be performed in the Mapleson E system?

A

No reservoir bag

35
Q

The Jackson-Rees modification is classified as a?

A

Mapleson F

36
Q

Which components are present in the Mapleson F breathing system?

A
  • Ayre’s T-piece
  • Connector to an ET tube
  • Reservoir bag with a connector
  • Green fresh gas tubing
  • Expired gas tubing
37
Q

The Mapleson F system is used in Patients of what BW?

A

Less than 10Kg

38
Q

Which breathing systems are the least effective and why?

A

Mapleson E and F

- high fresh gas flows are required in order to flush expired gas from the system

39
Q

How is a Mapleson E system modified into a Mapleson F system?

A

Jackson-Rees modification of T piece - addition of a reservoir bag

40
Q

What is the parallel lack system classified as?

A

Mapleson A

41
Q

What does the parallel lack system consist of?

A
  • Connector to an ET tube
  • Expiratory valve
  • Reservoir bag
  • Fresh gas and expired gas tubing connected by a Y connector
42
Q

The parallel lack system is used in patients of what size?

A

More than 7Kg

43
Q

Why is the parallel lack system not suitable for prolonged IPPV?

A

Allows for build-up of CO2 in the system

44
Q

Mapleson A systems have a circuit factor of?

A

1

45
Q

What is the Co-axial Bain system classified as?

A

Mapleson D

46
Q

What does a co-axial Bain system consist of?

A
  • Connector to an ET tube
  • Expiratory valve
  • Reservoir bag
  • Green fresh gas tubing which sits
    within white expired gas tubing
47
Q

The co-axial Bain system is used in patients of what BW?

A

Over 10Kg

48
Q

Name the common rebreathing system

A

The circle system

49
Q

What components make up the circle system?

A
  • Soda lime canister
  • Tubing
  • Expiratory valve
  • Connector housing one way valves
50
Q

A circle system is used in patients of what BW?

A

More than 15Kg

51
Q

What are the advantages of rebreathing (circle) systems?

A
  • Conservation of heat and moisture in respired gases
  • Efficient due to low fresh gas flow rates required
  • Ability to perform IPPV
52
Q

Which 2 aspects need to be considered to calculate the flow rate required for non-rebreathing systems?

A
  1. The patient’s minute volume

2. The breathing system being used

53
Q

The minute

volume of our patients is approximately?

A

200ml/kg/min

54
Q

What is the flow rate required when using rebreathing systems?

A

10-50ml/Kg/min

Y3 Clinical Skills (8 decks)

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