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Microbiology > Anaerobic Infections > Flashcards

Anaerobic Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anaerobic infections are typically a mixture of which 2 types of organisms?

A

Anaerobes and facultative anaerobes

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2
Q

What are the common sources of anaerobic infection?

A

Normal flora of the upper respiratory, GI and female genital tracts

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3
Q

Define Facultative anaerobe

A

grow with or without oxygen
Most organisms of medical importance are these
Grow in both the aerobic and anaerobic culture bottle

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4
Q

Obligate Aerobe

A

require oxygen to grow.

Most important: pseudomonas spp. and Bordetella pertussis

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5
Q

Microaerophilic organism

A

requires a reduced oxygen concentration to grow

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6
Q

Capnophilic organism

A

require increased CO2 to grow

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7
Q

Anaerobic organism

A

only grown when oxygen greatly reduced or eliminated

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8
Q

Common examples of anaerobic gram-positive cocci

A

Peptococcus spp

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9
Q

Common examples of anaerobic gram-negative cocci

A

Veillonella spp

Peptostreptococcus spp

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10
Q

Common examples of anaerobic gram-positive bacilli

A 
Clostridium spp
(Fusobacterium spp) - vary in stain
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11
Q

Common examples of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli

A

Bacteroides spp
Prevotella spp
(Fusobacterium spp) - vary in stain

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12
Q

Two common anaerobes that are part of normal upper resp tract flora are:

A 
Streptococci (facultative anaerobe)
Bacteroides spp (anaerobe)
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13
Q

Two examples of head and neck space infections caused by normal flora anaerobes are:

A

Ludwig’s Angina (hypoglossal space)
retropharyngeal abscess
Complication: swelling of surrounding tissue leading to obstruction of airway

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14
Q

Infections of the mouth from anaerobic mouth flora are:

A

Dental abscess, gingivitis, Vincent’s Angina

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15
Q

Describe Vincent’s Angina

A

This is trench mouth, a progressive painful infection with ulceration, swelling and sloughing off of dead tissue from the mouth and throat due to the spread of infection from the gums. Certain germs (including fusiform bacteria and spirochetes - Borrelia vincenti) are thought to be involved.

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16
Q

Normally upper resp tract flora doesn’t go beyond which body part?

A

Larynx

17
Q

What body mechanisms keep the lower resp tract sterile?

A

ciliary action of the mucosa and the cough reflex

can be damaged in smokers

18
Q

Brain abscess is often a result of flora from which part of body?

A

Mouth
Carried to brain from lung infection via blood
Invade into CNS from structures like sinuses

19
Q

Which has the higher bacterial count: small intestine or ileocecal valve?

A

ileocecal valve

Stomach acid eliminates most flora as it goes into the sm. intestine

20
Q

Flora around the ileocecal valve is predominantly (aerobic vs anaerobic)

A

mixture of anaerobic and facultative anaerobes

21
Q

How can a liver abscess be caused by GI flora?

A

Intestinal blood flow leads back through the liver

Infection in the biliary duct

22
Q

Vaginal flora typically extends to what point?

A

short way into cervix

23
Q

When related to wound infections, endogenous means:

A

relating to one’s own flora

24
Q

When related to wound infections, exogenous means:

A

arising from environmental contamination

25
Q

What does soil contain that can often be a source of trauma complication?

A

fecal material, including clostridial spores

26
Q

What is gas gangrene?

A

clostridial myonecrosis
Localized death or destruction of body tissue from bacterial infection
Releases gas which smells bad
Complication of traumatic injuries with dirt

27
Q

What is synergistic necrotizing cellulitis?

A

often develops on the abdominal wall, perineum, or proximal lower extremities in diabetic individuals
Features a gangrenous cellulitis

Bacteria are synergistic mixture anaerobes (peptostreptococci, bacteroides spp) and enterobacterales (klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus, e. coli)

28
Q

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Fournier gangrene is an acute necrotic infection of the scrotum; penis; or perineum. It is characterized by scrotum pain and redness with rapid progression to gangrene and sloughing of tissue.

29
Q

Which pathogens are often responsible for clostridial cellulitis and gas gangrene?

A 
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridia spp (esp. C. novyi, C. septicum, C. histolyticum, c. sordelli)

Infection usually follows dirty trauma wound involving muscle

30
Q

Which organism is typically responsible for gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

31
Q

What is the clinical condition of gas gangrene related to?

A

Toxin production
Alpha toxin - disrupts cell membranes causing necrosis and intravascular hemolysis (leading to acute renal failure)
Theta toxin - toxic to the heart, alters capillary function

32
Q

What is the treatment for infectious gangrene?

A

extensive debridement of necrotic tissue
high dose IV antibiotics
hyperbaric oxygen in some cases

33
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for upper respiratory anaerobic infections?

A

Penicillin

34
Q

What are antibiotics with good anaerobic sensitivity?

A

Cefoxitin
metronidazole
clindamycin
imipenem

Microbiology (12 decks)

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