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micro- k > anaerobic and aerobic /normal flora > Flashcards

anaerobic and aerobic /normal flora Flashcards

1
Q

What organic material can an obligate aerobes ferment?

A

None, obligate aerobes have no fermentative pathways

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2
Q

Which bacteria’s lack superoxide dismutase?

A

Obligate anaerobes

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3
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria will normally live and form a communal relationship in the body’s blood, soft tissue, CNS and respiratory tract?

A

None, these areas are sterile.

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4
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria will cover the skin, outer ear and urethra?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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5
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria will cover the inner lining of the nose?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria covers the oropharynx?

A

Viridans streptococci and streptococcus mutans

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7
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria cover the gingival crevices

A

Prevotella fusobacterium, streptococcus actinomyces

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8
Q

Name all the bacteria that are found in a healthy stomach

A

None.

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9
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria in the colon of an adult?

A

Bifidobacterium, bacteroides (most abundant) escherichia

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10
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria is in colon of breast fed child?

A

bifidobacterium

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11
Q

what bacteria is in breastmilk?

A

lactobacilius and streptococci

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12
Q

what dominant or medically important bacteria is found in the vagina?

A

lactobacilius

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13
Q

name the colonization factors that are responsible for infectivity on body surfaces?

A

Adherence to cell surfaces, adherence to plastic and inhibit immediate destruction by immune system.

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14
Q

how do bacteria adhere to cell surfaces?

A

Pili/fimbriae, teichoic acid, adhesins, IgA proteases.

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15
Q

How does bacteria adherence to plastics or otherwise slippery objects occur?

A

ph and chemical changes in surface tension of a liquid to allow adherence to a surface that would otherwise be too slippery.

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16
Q

What are the ways that a bacteria could inhibit immediate destruction by the host’s immune system?

A

Bacteria can use Anti-phagocytic surfaces, which include capsules/slime layers, M proteins, A proteins, pili and IgA proteases.

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17
Q

What can a bacteria do to a pt that causes anemia?

A

Siderophores can chelate iron in a host that the bac will use to import for cell growth.

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18
Q

Which STD bacteria uses a pili anti phagocytic?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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19
Q

What is the ability Invasins, that bacteria use and describe it.

A

It is an ability to survive intracellularly, by the use of surface proteins that allow an organism to bind to and invade non-phagocytic human cells.

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20
Q

What bacteria is best know for using Invasins? and what does it cause in a host?

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, causes diarrhea

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21
Q

What is another ability that a bacteria could use to survive intracellularly?

A

Evade intracellular killing and grow intracellularly

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22
Q

What are the two ways a bac could evade intracellular killing and grow intracellularly?

A

Survive by inhibiting the fusion of the phagosomes and lysosomes OR escaping the phagosomes before lysis of the phagolysosomal membrane

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23
Q

what bac is known for surviving by inhibiting the fusion of the phagosomes and lysosomes?

A

M. tuberculosis

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24
Q

What bac is known for escaping the phagosomes before lysis of the phagolysosomal membrane?

A

Listeria

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25
Q

is streptococcus gram + or gram -

A

gram +

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26
Q

does streptococcus appear in chains or clusters

A

chains or pairs of cocci

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27
Q

is streptococcus catalase negative or positive

A

catalase negative

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28
Q

what is the term used when streptococci completely lyse the rbcs leaving it clear

A

beta hemolytic

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29
Q

what is the term used when streptococci only partially lyse the rbcs leaving it green

A

alpha hemolytic

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30
Q

what is gamma hemolysis

A

non hemolytic

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31
Q

streptococcus has which kind of hemolysis

A

variable

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32
Q

what are 3 differences between strep vs staph

A

1) lechitin is in cell wall. if you have lechitinase you are destroying cell wall 2) catalyze -3) grouped by c carbohydrates

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33
Q

what is optocin

A

chemical used in cell culture techniques for the presumptive id of strep pneumoniae

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34
Q

which is the only group sensitive to bacitracin

A

group a

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35
Q

only species that is sensitive to optocin and lysed by bile

A

preumococcus

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36
Q

only group that has a positive CAMP test

A

group b

37
Q

only group that hydrolyzes hippurate

A

group b

38
Q

what groups has growth on 6.5% salt

A

some group b and group b enterococci

39
Q

is streptococcus pyogenes group a, b, d

A

group a

40
Q

give some characteristics of strep pyogenes

A

gram + cocci in chains, catalase -, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive

41
Q

where does strep pyogenes live

A

human throat and skin

42
Q

how is strep pyogenes transmitted

A

respiratory droplets, direct contact

43
Q

what is the major virulence factor for group a strep

A

M protein

44
Q

is strep pyogenes antiphagocytic or phagocytic

A

antiphagocytic

45
Q

strep pyogenes - what is the capsule made up

A

hyaluronic

46
Q

What bacterias are endotoxin enhancers?

A

Staphylococcus aureus & Streptococcus pyogenes

47
Q

Which bacterias are protein inhibitors?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Shigella dysenteriae

48
Q

list some characteristics of streptolysin o

A

antigenic, oxygen labile, subsurface blood agar hemolysis or hemolysis in anaerobic conditions

49
Q

list some characteristics of streptolysin s

A

not antigenic, oxygen stable, responsible for beta hemolysis

50
Q

1 characteristic of streptokinase

A

fibrinolysis

51
Q

1 characteristic of streptodornase

A

DNase

52
Q

How do Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Shigella dysenteriae play a role in human disease?

A

Their exotoxin inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis

53
Q

name 6 toxins associated with strep pyogenes

A

streptoysin o, streptolysin s, streptokinase, streptodornase, hyaluronidase, exotoxins

54
Q

name some characteristics of streptoysin o

A

antigenic, oxygen labile, subsurface blood agar hemolysis or hemolysis in anaerobic conditions

55
Q

name 2 non pus disease caused by strep pyogenes

A

rheumatic fever, acute glomeruonephritis

56
Q

what lab test is done for strep throat

A

rapid antigen test

57
Q

name some characteristics of streptodornase

A

DNase

58
Q

How do Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Shigella dysenteriae pplay a role in human disease?

A

Their exotoxin inhibits eukaryotic cell protein synthesis

59
Q

what does a hyauronidase do

A

has capacity to dissolve its own capsule

60
Q

list some characteristics of exotoxins

A

SPEA, phage coded, cause fever and may produce rash of scarlet fever, inhibit liver clearance of endotoxin from normal flora creating shock like conditions, superantigens

61
Q

name 2 acute disease caused by strep pyogenes

A

pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pyoderma/;impetigo

62
Q

name 2 non pus disease caused by strep pyogenes

A

rheumatic fever, acute gomeruonephritis

63
Q

what lab test is done for strep throat

A

rapid antigen test

64
Q

what is the Laboratory diagnosis for strep pyogenes

A

Streptococci are readily cultured from blood agar plates where a or B haemolysis may be seen. The antistreptolysin test measures Abs against streptolysin O.

65
Q

what is the Treatment for strep pyogenes

A

Penicillin G or V is the drug of choice in the treatment of S. pyogenes infection. Where a history of hypersensitivity to penicillin exits, erythrocmycin may be used instead. Prophylactic penicillin is often given to patients with rheumatic fever in order to prevent a recurrence.

66
Q

What bacteria causes Rheumatic fever?

A

Staphylococcus

67
Q

what bacteria causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph aureus

68
Q

Coagulase is normally found in which bug?

A

Staph aureus

69
Q

This bacteria is normally found in nasal and on skin flora

A

Staph aureus

70
Q

This bacteria has Protein A on its surfaces, which inhibits phagocytosis

A

Staph aureus

71
Q

This bacteria’s exotoxins are heat stable for 1 to 6 hours.

A

Staph aureus

72
Q

This bacteria’s exotoxins causes exfoliatins

A

Staph aureus

73
Q

This bacteria’s exotoxins cause cytolysins

A

Staph aureus

74
Q

Which staphylococcus bacteria are coagulase negative?

A

Staph epidermidis and staph saprophyticus

75
Q

This staphylococcus causes complete hemolysis of RBC’s

A

Staph aureus

76
Q

Which bacteria causes acute endocarditis and suppurative lesions?

A

Staph aureus

77
Q

this staphylococcus is resistant to novobiocin?

A

Staph saprophyticus

78
Q

this staphylococcus is susceptible to novobiocin?

A

staph epidermidis

79
Q

Which staphylococcus bacteria is the #2 cause of all UTI in young woman?

A

Staph saprophyticus

80
Q

This staph bacteria, that has no known hemolysis ability, causes endocarditis in IV drug users?

A

Staph epidermidis

81
Q

This bacteria causes catheter and prosthetic device infections?

A

Staph epidermidis

82
Q

This staph bacteria has the ability to create a plastic adherence

A

Staph epidermidis

83
Q

What is the #1 bacterial cause of all UTI’s in young women?

A

E. coli

84
Q

This ability of a bacteria allows it to form granulomas?

A

Catalase

85
Q

This bacteria can be transmitted via hands and sneezing, associated with food poisoning via ham, potato and custard pastries. Also associated with surgical wounds.

A

Staph aureus

86
Q

Staph aureus has endotoxins which cause numerous issues

A

Incorrect. That S. aureus only has exotoxins and enterotoxins due to being gram positive.

87
Q

What exotoxin causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

TSST - 1

88
Q

How does TSST - 1 cause toxic shock?

A

It inhibits liver clearance of the endotoxin, which increases the bodies sensitivity to endogenous endotoxin

micro- k (5 decks)

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