anaemias Flashcards
what is sickle-cell anaemia?
-when someone has deformed, less flexible red blood cells
what is sickle cell crisis?
-can lead to restricted blood supply to the organs
what is the management for sickle cell crisis?
-hospitalisation= fluid replacement, analgesics, treat infections
what type of complications can come from sickle-cell crisis?
-anemia
-leg ulcers
-renal failure
-susceptibility to infections
what is haemolytic anaemia?
-break down of red blood cells
what is the management for haemolytic anemia?
increase folate (folic acid supplemention
how to prevent sickle cell crisis? medication
hydroxycaramide
-reduces frequency of painful crisis and reduces transfusion requirements
what is G6PD deficiency? (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
a type of deficiency
what types of people are more prone to what is G6PD deficiency?
-males than women
-African and Asian countires
are people who are G6PD deficiency susceptible to haemolytic anaemia?
-yes
-more acute haemolytic anaemia
what drugs definitely increase the risk of haemolytic in most who is G6PD deficiency people?
-dapsone and other sulfones
-fluroroquinolones
-nitrofurantoin
-quinolones
what drugs have a possible increased risk of haemolytic in most who is G6PD deficiency people?
-aspirin
-chloroquine
-menadione
-quinine
-sulfonylureas
when can you start treatment for iron defieicney?
when you can show they are iron deficient through blood tests, signs and symptoms what are so
what are the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency?
-tiredness
-shortness of breath
-palpitations
pale skin
what should be ruled out before starting iron deficiency treatment?
-gastruc erosion
-gastro-intestinal cancer
when is prophylaxis iron used mainly? in which cases?
-malabsorption
-menorrhagia
-pregnancy
-after subtotal or total gastrectomy
-in haemmodialysis patients
-in the management of low birth-weight infants such as preterm neonates
what are the different types of irons?
-ferrous fumarate
-ferrous gluconate
-ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate (dried)
what is the normal iron and some given?
-normally the dried sulphate can be MR preps too (reduces absorption)
-daily elemental iron dose of 100 to 200mg (dose within the tablet)
what are some side effects of iron tablets?
-constipation or diarrhoea
-black tarry stools- more common
when should you stop taking iron?
C.diffe can cause diarrhoea
what can irons tablets be taken with to help with absorption?
with vitamin c and best before food but can help reduce side effects if taken after food
when should you stop taking iron due to good haemoglobin levels?
can stop when Hb in range but then need to continue for 3 more months
what can be used to treat iron toxicity?
desferrioxamine
what are the different parenteral iron?
-iron dextran
iron sucrose
-iron carboxymaltose
-ferric derisomaltose
