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Year 3 - Haem > Anaemia MedEd part 2 > Flashcards

Anaemia MedEd part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Young child, anaemic

A

Thalassemia
HUS
ALL

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2
Q

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia pathophysiology and what is seen on blood film

A

Shearing of red blood cells in small vessels, causing schicostocytes and microthombi formation

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3
Q

Three types of MAHA

A

HUS
DIC
TTP

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4
Q

Triad of HUS

A
  1. Haemolytic anaemia - aka jaundice and conjunctival pallor
  2. AKI/uremia
  3. Thrombocytopenia
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5
Q

Which e-coli is associated with HUS? What toxin does it produce?

A

EHEC O157:H7

Shiga toxin

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6
Q

Symptoms of Ecoli + HUS

A

Abdominal pain

Diarrhoea

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7
Q

DIC features

A

Massive clotting everywhere, leading to depletion of clotting factors and thus bleeding

Bleeding
- petechiae, haematuria, ecchymoses

Clotting features
- prolonged APTT and PT

Haemolytic features
- jaundice, conjunctival pallor

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8
Q

DIC blood results

A

Low platelets
Low fibrinogen
High d dimer
High fibrin degradation productions

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9
Q

Causes of DIC

A 
ITU
Pancreatitis
Cancer
Sepsis
Trauma
ABO reaction 
Obstetric complications
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10
Q

Pathophysiology of TTP

A

Problem with enzyme that cleaves wVF (ADAMTS-13 enzyme), meaning you clot more

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11
Q

Pentad for TTP

A

ADAMTS-13:

Antiglobulin negative
Decreased platelets
AKI 
MAHA
Temperature
Swinging CNS signs
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12
Q

Which signs overlap between TTP and HUS?

A

Haemolytic anaemia
AKI
Low platelets

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13
Q

Which additional features of the triad does TTP have?

A

Fever

Neuro signs

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14
Q

Who commonly gets HUS?

A

Children under 5

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15
Q

Which test do you do if you want to find out whether the haemolytic anaemia is autoimmune or not?

A

DAT/Coombs test

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16
Q

What are the different types of results of the Coombs test?

A

Depends on what temperature the agglutination happened

Warm agglutinins
Cold agglutinins

17
Q

Which immunoglobulin is associated with warm agglutination?

A

IgG

g=great weather, warm

18
Q

Which conditions have warm agglutination?

A

SLE

CLL (smear cells, nontender lymphadenopathy)

19
Q

Which immunoglobulin is associated with cold agglutination?

A

IgM

20
Q

Which antibodies are associated with IgM/conditions have cold agglutination?

A

Mycoplasma - atypical pneumonia

Mononucleosis - EBV

21
Q

Name an infective cause of haemolytic anaemia

A

Malaria aka plasmodium falciparum

also called black water fever

22
Q

Name a drug that might cause haemolytic anaemia

A

Dapsone - an anti-leprosy antibiotic

23
Q

Name the acquired and congenital causes of haemolytic anaemia

A 
ACQUIRED: 
Infection 
Drugs
Autoimmune 
MAHA - HUS, TTP, DIC

CONGENITAL
G6PD
Hereditary spherocytosis

24
Q

Haemolytic anaemias are typically normocytic or microcytic?

A

Normocytic

25
Q

What is myelofibrosis?

A

Primary myelofibrosis = in response to a bone marrow malignancy

Overproliferation of fibroblasts aka cancer

26
Q

Myelofibrosis buzz words / on blood film

A

Tear drop cells as rbc have to squeeze through fibrosis

27
Q

BM aspirate findings for myelofibrosis

A

Dry tap

28
Q

Symptoms of myelofibrosis

A 
Massive splenomegaly (extramedullary haematopoesis)
Weight loss
29
Q

Risk factors for myelofibrosis + conditions which predispose

A

Radiation exposure
Elderly

Essential thrombocythaemia (overproduction of platelets)
Polycythemia vera
30
Q

Differentiate between haemochromatosis and sideroblastic anaemia

A

Both have high serum iron and ferritin, and low TIBC

However sideroblastic anaemia has:

  • Pappenheimer bodies (iron deposition in rbc)
  • Basophilic stippling
31
Q

What is sideroblastic anaemia

A

Disorder of iron incooperation inside RBC due to x-linked genetic or acquired causes

32
Q

What is myelodysplasia

A

Lots of immature cells that may develop into AML

Similar symptoms

Year 3 - Haem (10 decks)

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