Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 - Haem > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Hb in males

A

140 + per litre (or 14 decilitres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hb in females

A

120 + per litre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal range for ferritin

A

10-120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you work out what type of anaemia it is?

A

Look at the mean cell volume (not down a microscope)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia

A

IDA
ACD/Chronic inflammatory problems
Thalassaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you do to work out which of these three is the cause of microcytic anaemia?

A

Iron studies
CRP ESR
Electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IDA

A 
Serum iron low
Transferrin high
Trans saturation
Soluble transferrin receptor
Ferritin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ACD

A

Low serum iron
low transferrin
normal/high ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you classify normocytic anaemia?

A

Look at reticulocyte count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of normocytic anaemia

A 
Haemorrhage (loss)
Acute haemolysis (breakdown)

Aplastic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many litres of blood do we have in our body?

A

5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much blood do you give when you donate blood?

A

Half a litre

10% of blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is aplastic anaemia

A

(bone marrow failure e.g. due to B19 parvovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the reticulocyte count tell you?

A

If high:
it’s due to blood loss, break down

OR

low: aplastic anaemia (production problem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the signs of haemorrhage?

A 
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Breathless
Reduced GCS
Cold peripheries

SHOCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Commonest causes of shock in a post op patient

A

Haemorrhage

Sepsis (note even though we associate fever with infections, in sepsis they are really cold).

17
Q

How do you deal with a patient with SHOCK?

A

FLUIDS
Are there any active bleeding sites? If so, apply pressure
Two wide bore cannulae
Verbal prescription for 15L oxygen through non rebreathe
500ml bolus of 0.9ml saline solution

then ABCDE approach

18
Q

What fluid would you give?

A

Hartman’s solution or/Saline solution 0.9%

19
Q

What is the cause of death in haemmorhage?

A

Myocardial infarction - due to hypoperfusion

20
Q

Why don’t you warm up the patient in shock?

A

Vasodilation in peripheries would cause a further drop in BP

21
Q

What is A? What do you do?

A

If they are conscious and talking to you, it’s fine
But if they’re unconscious, shake them to see if they respond
If not, their muscles could relax and their tongue could flop into their airway, so you need to keep their airway open.

Also, put out a:
Peri arrest call
Call an anaesthetist

22
Q

If you’re worried about the airway and you’re worried about the c-spine, what do you do?

A

Jaw thrust

Can put in guedel

23
Q

If you’re not worried about the c-spine, what do you do?

A

Head tilt

Chin lift

24
Q

Breathing - what do you check for?

A

Do ABG (raised lactate would suggest sepsis)
Check for haemothorax
Portable chest x ray
Listen to lungs

25
Q

What would you tell the anaesthetist to get them to come?

A

This patient is non-responsive and tolerating a guedel

26
Q

What type of bloods do you need to order? what does this depend on?

A

Female, reproductive age: 2 units of o neg

OR

Male patient or post reproductive patient:
2 units of O positive

AND
4units of their blood type

27
Q

What else do you have to check after an ABC approach?

A

Check glucose
Check active sites of bleeding
Rash (septiciemia)
Pulsatile masses

28
Q

What are the classifications of macrocytic anaemia?

A

Megaloblastic

Non-megaloblastic

29
Q

Megaloblastic causes

A

Folate/B12 deficiency

Methotrexate

30
Q

Non-megaloblastic causes

A

Alcohol
Hypothyroidism
Pregnancy
Blood film

31
Q

What are the mechanisms of anaemia?

A

Reduction in production of RBC
Blood loss
Breakdown

32
Q

What are the mechanisms of anaemia?

A

Reduction in production of RBC
Blood loss
Breakdown (intravascular or extravascular)

33
Q

What are the causes of extravascular

A

Hyposplenism
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Bartenelosis (bartenela infection)
Malaria

34
Q

Intravascular causes

A

HUS
DIC
TTP

35
Q

What would you see in the blood tests if you have haemolysis?

A

LDH increased (as it’s stored inside RBC)
high bilirubin
high reticulocytes
Reduction in haptoglobin

36
Q

What does haptoglobin do?

A

(binds to free haemoglobin which is about to be destroyed)

37
Q

Causes of reduction in production

A 
BM failure 
Kidney disease (CKD) 
Hypothyroidism 
B12/iron deficiency 
Chronic inflammatory problems 
Anaemia of chronic disease
38
Q

What is the breakdown product of

A

Haem splits into bilirubin and iron

Haptoglobin takes the haemoglobin before it’s even broken down, and takes it to the spleen

Year 3 - Haem (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions