anaemia Flashcards
What is haemolytic anaemia?
RBCs are destroyed before they are mature
What are the types of haemolytic anaemia?
- sickle cell
- thalassemia
- G6PD
What type of RBCs are present in iron deficiency?
Microcytic
What are microcytic RBCs?
smaller RBCs
What types pf RBCs are present in B12 deficiency?
Macrocytic
What are macrocytic RBCs?
larger red blood cells
What are hypo chromic RBCs?
RBCs are paler
What is haemochromatosis?
absorption of too much iron from food
What is the role of B12 and folate in DNA synthesis?
DNA in RBCs need to mature
What is pernicious anaemia?
lack of production of intrinsic factor (B12 binds to antibodies)
What does a dimorphic blood picture contain?
contains hypo chromic microcytic RBCs and normal - (seen in iron deficiency anaemia during treatment)
What is spherocytosis?
protein ankrin or spectrin is deficient
What type of RBCs do G6PD deficiency show?
Heinz bodies
What is the role of ferroportin?
controls the release of iron from the enterocyte to blood portal
What is the role of ferriductase?
converts Fe3+ to Fe2+
What is the role of transferrin?
glycoprotein that carries iron
What is the role of ferrioxidase?
converts Fe2+ to Fe3+
In iron deficiency anaemia, would serum ferritin increase or decrease?
Increase
which cells in the spleen carry out haemolysis?
macrophages
What can RBCs not produce in PKD?
Unable to produce ATP
What causes iron deficiency anaemia?
- blood loss, pregnancy, poor diet, malabsorption, trauma
What are the three stages of iron deficiency anemia?
Early - no anaemia present
Intermittent- normocytic RBCS, ferritin stores depleted
Late stage - hypo-chromic/ microcytic RBCs present
What are the lab tests for anaemia?
- full blood count, reticulocyte count, blood smear/ film
What controls iron levels?
Hepcidin
What is pyruvate kinase deficiency?
Affects red cell glycolysis
What are eliptocytes?
Oval to cigar shaped
What are schistosytes?
Damaged RBCS
What are spherocytes?
Round cells with no area of central pallor
