Anachem W1 Flashcards
Types of Samples
Qualitative and Quantitative
Determination of identity of the chemical species.
Qualitative
Determination of the relative amount of the chemical species in each sample.
Quantitative
Four scales of Operations
MACRO ANALYSIS
SEMIMICRO ANALYSIS
MICRO ANALYSIS
ULTRAMICRO ANALYSIS
the object of the analytical procedure (ex. A blood sample)
sample
the substance that is of interest in the analysis (ex. Amount of hemoglobin in the blood)
Analyte
the constituents, apart from the analyte, of the given sample (ex. All the constituents of blood except hemoglobin)
Matrix
Amount of analyte is more than 0.10 grams (100 mg)
MACRO ANALYSIS
MACRO ANALYSIS
Amount of analyte is more than 0.10 grams (100 mg)
Amount of analyte is between 0.010-0.10 grams.
SEMIMICRO ANALYSIS
SEMIMICRO ANALYSIS
Amount of analyte is between 0.010-0.10 grams.
Amount of analyte is 10^-4 to 10^-2 grams.
MICRO ANALYSIS
MICRO ANALYSIS
Amount of analyte is 10^-4 to 10^-2 grams.
Amount of analyte is less than 10^-4 grams. Considered absent.
ULTRAMICRO ANALYSIS
ULTRAMICRO ANALYSIS
Amount of analyte is less than 10^4 grams. Considered absent.
Considered as absent
ULTRAMICRO ANALYSIS
The _______ of reagents has an important bearing on the accuracy attained in any analysis.
purity
Confirms to the minimum standards set forth by the Reagent Chemical Committee of the American Chemical Society (ACS).
REAGENT GRADE
The highest quality commercially available for this chemical.
REAGENT GRADE
Chemicals with extraordinary purity prepared by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
PRIMARY-STANDARD GRADE
a reagent that is very pure
Highest purity
PRIMARY-STANDARD GRADE
Chemicals prepared for a particular or specific application.
SPECIAL-PURPOSE GRADE
Ex. RTPCR
SPECIAL-PURPOSE GRADE
Included among these are solvents for spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.
SPECIAL-PURPOSE GRADE
Select the best grade of chemical available for analytical work. Whenever possible, pick the _______________ that is sufficient to do the job.
smallest bottle
Replace the top of every container ___________ after removing reagent. Do not rely on someone else to do it.
immediately
Hold the stoppers of reagent bottles between your_______. Never set a stopper on a desktop.
fingers
Never return any excess reagents to a bottle. The money saved by returning excesses is seldom worth the risk of contaminating the entire bottle.
True
Never insert spatulas, spoons, or knives into a bottle that contains a solid chemical.
True
Separates ions per group. Key on how we separate ions per group.
Precipitating Reagent
Chemical that is added to cause the precipitation.
Precipitating Reagent
Separating ions into groups.
Separating Reagent
To check if ion is present or absent.
Confirmatory Reagent
Wash properly apparatuses before using by washing with a ______________
liquid detergent
Wash it with tap water then several small portions of ____________
distilled water
________ is usually a waste of time and is always a potential source of contamination.
Drying
Rinsing with _______ may help for drying and removing grease films.
acetone
chlorides and nitrates can be evaporated by adding _________
sulfuric acid
nitrate ion and nitrogen oxides by adding _____
urea
Ammonium chloride by adding _________
conc. Nitric acid
Some unwanted substances can be eliminated during ___________.
evaporation
_____________ is frequently difficult to control because of the tendency of some solutions to overheat locally.
Evaporation
Organic constituents can frequently be eliminated from a solution by adding ________________ and heating to the appearance of sulfur trioxide fumes
sulfuric acid
Is the resulting liquid after a mixture of liquid and solid has been left to settle out or centrifuged to separate the two.
SUPERNATANT LIQUID
You will have two layers solid on the bottom and __________ on the top
supernatant
Medical term of supernatant liquid
Centrifuge
To remove the supernatant, carefully _____ or _______ the solution away from the solid.
pour or pipette
If the solid becomes re-suspended as the supernatant is removed, ___________ the sample again.
centrifuge
The purpose of washing precipitates is to ensure that all interfering ____ will be washed away from the sample.
ions
____________ is a device by which a centrifugal force produced by an electric motor speeds up the rate of setting of a precipitate.
Centrifuge
Centrifugation speed of __ in __ minute duration ALWAYS.
speed of 2 in 1 minute
Any ________ means there’s still precipitate in that case we centrifugate it again.
cloudiness
When reading volume in an apparatus, always read at eye level at ______ meniscus.
lower
Apparatuses used in analytical chemistry for precisely measuring volume
Volumetric Pipette
Mohr Pipette
Serological Pipette
Eppendorf Micropipette
Pipette that ends with #__ All liquids should be delivered or transferred.
9
Pipette that ends with #___ Not all liquid should be transferred.
10
Litmus paper changes from blue to red.
Acidic
Litmus paper changes from red to blue.
Basic
This is a technique wherein your solution will smell like ammonia gas.
Making solution Ammoniacal
A pungent smell will tell that your solution is decidedly _____________.
ammoniacal
Add one drop more of the reagent. If it is still _______ this means precipitation is not complete. So let it settle again, add one more until no more precipitate will form.
cloudy
________________ is important so that the remaining ions will not interfere with the analysis of succeeding groups.
Complete precipitation
