ACID-BASE TITRATION Flashcards
is a process or method to determine the concentration of a substance in an unknown solution, in which a known reagent is added to an unknown solution to produce a known reaction such as change in color or electrical measurement.
Titration
ADVANTAGES OF TITRATION OVER GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
• Superior Speed
• Convenient with a little sacrifice in accuracy and Precision
• Less expensive and less materials to use
BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR SUCCESSFUL TITRATIONS
It must be stoichiometric
Quantitative
Fast
USES OF ACID-BASE TITRATIONS
Pregnancy Testing
Aquarium Water Testing
Blood Sugar Testing
detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a subject’s urine applied to a test strip or solution.
Home pregnancy testing kits
applies titration to a blood sample to measure the specific amount of hCG present in the blood.
pregnancy test
monitor changes in water conditions, home test kits are sold containing chemicals to test the pH level of water as well as the levels of ammonia, nitrites, nitrates and phosphates
Aquarium Water Testing
Diabetics can measure the amount of glucose in their blood by using a small portable machine called a
blood glucose meter
use titration to achieve a desired mix of compound drugs.
Pharmacists
Doctors will often employ titration to determine the correct proportion of different medicines in an
intravenous drip
Titration is use in food industry
– to test free fatty acid content, unsaturated fatty acids and trace amounts of water.
to determine the estimated chain length of fatty acids in a fat.
to test for the amount of salt or sugar, and the concentration of vitamin C or E, in a product
to test the product’s readiness for consumption in wine and cheese production
reaction occurs when equimolar solutions of acids and bases react and create a neutral solution.
neutralization
neutralize excess hydrogen ions (H + ) to form water and magnesium chloride salt.
Hydroxide ions (OH - )
TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS of titration
Titrant and Analyte
is the solution added from the burette.
Titrant
It’s concentration is known.
Titrant
is the sample to be titrated.
Analyte
It has an unknown concentration.
Analyte
The ___________ is the point at which the amount of acid and base present exactly neutralizes one another.
equivalence point
(number of moles of OH-ions and number of moles of H* ions are equal)
Neutralized
is a substance that is generally added to the solution in the receiving vessel an which undergoes some sort of color change when reaction is over.
Indicator
The end point of titration is the point when the
indicator changes color
The ___________ on a titration curve is where the moles of acid are equal to the moles of base.
equivalence point
The equivalence point on a titration curve is where the ________ are equal to the __________.
moles of acid are equal to the moles of base
Equivalence point is a reaction known as
neutralization reaction.
Key equation:
CAVA = CBVB
3 TYPES OF ACID-BASE TITRATION
(A)Strong Acid-Strong Base Titration
(B) Strong Acid-Weak Base Titration
(C) Weak Acid-Strong Base Titration
HCl versus NaOH
(A)Strong Acid-Strong Base Titration
HCl versus ammonia
(B) Strong Acid-Weak Base Titration
NaOH versus acetic acid
(C) Weak Acid-Strong Base Titration
: When sample is an acid
Acidimetry
: When sample is a base
Alkalimetry
– is the center of all titrations and it should be standardized first before you will use it, thus the name standard solution
Titrant
Titrant is also
Standard solution
Properties of a titrant
– Be sufficiently stable
– React rapidly to the analyte
– React more or less completely with the analyte
– Undergo a selective reaction with the analyte
Acid Titrants
Hydrochloric acid
Dilute solutions of perchloric acid
Dilute solutions of Sulfuric acid
acid titrant most commonly used
Hydrochloric acid
