Anabolism (3C)

Question 1

Anabolism

Answer 1

Construction of complex organic molecules from simple inorganic molecules and a carbon source
-requires energy input
-regulated in response to environment

Question 2

Six principles of anabolism

Answer 2

1) Large molecule from small
2) Enzymes are involved
3) Enzymes are unidirectional
4) Irreversible pathways
5) Catabolic and anabolic are physically separated
6) Different cofactors

Question 3

NAD+/NADH

Answer 3

Catabolism

Question 4

NADP+/NADPH

Answer 4

Anabolism

Question 5

Precursor metabolites

Answer 5

-Carbon skeletons as starting substrates
-No functional groups
-All intermediates of glycolysis and TCA cycle

Question 6

All living things are from _____ metabolites

Answer 6

12

Question 7

Autotrophs

Answer 7

-CO2 are carbon source

Question 8

Once carbon is fixed anabolic processes for heterotrophs and autotrophs are very_____

Answer 8

similar

Question 9

How many pathways for CO2 fixation have been identifed?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

Calvin Cycle

Answer 10

-Reverse pentose phosphate pathway
-Carboxysomes

Question 11

What are the three phases of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 11

Carboxylation phase
Reduction phase
Regeneration phase

Question 12

Carboxylation Phase

Answer 12

-RuBisCO catalysis
-Addition of CO2 to RuBP (5 carbons)
-2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 13

-RuBisCo

Answer 13

Most abudant protein on earth

Question 14

Reduction Phase

Answer 14

-3-Phosphoglycerate reduced to G3P
-Essential reversal of glycolysis
-Two reactions

Question 15

Reduction phase uses _____ for essential reversal of glycolysis

Answer 15

NADP

Question 16

Regeneration Phase

Answer 16

Reform RuBP
-Can form other carbohydrates

Question 17

Dark Reactions (Oxygenic Phototrophs)

Answer 17

Don’t require light to function and involved in CO2 fixation

Question 18

Reductive TCA Cycle is used by…

Answer 18

chemolithoautotrophs (Sulfolobus(archae)), Aquifex and anoxygenic phototrophs)

Question 19

Other Co2 fixation pathways

Answer 19

Acetyl CoA pathway (methanogens and acetogens)
3-hydroxypropionate cycle
3-hydroxypropionate/40hydroxybutyrate pathway

Question 20

Gluconeogenesis shares how many enzymes with glycolysis?

Answer 20

6

Question 21

How many enzymes are specific to gluconeogenesis

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Gluconeogenesis forms

Answer 22

Monosaccharides

Question 23

3 Forms of N2 fixation

Answer 23

1) Free living chemotrophic B and A (Azotobacter)
2. Symbiosis (Rhizobium)
3. Cyanobacteria (Nostoc)

Question 24

What catalyses nitrogen fixation?

Answer 24

Nitrogenase

Question 25

Equation for N2 fixation

Answer 25

N2 + 8H+ + 8e‐ + 16ATP → 2NH3 + H2 +16ADP + 16 Pi