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Patho flash cards > ana surge 4 > Flashcards

ana surge 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary curvatures of the vertebral column

A

Thoracic and Sacral

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2
Q

Atypical cervical vertebrae

A

C1, C2, C7

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3
Q

Which cervical vertebrae has an odontoid process?

A

C2

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4
Q

Divided into 3 parts by scalenous anterior muscle

A

Subclavian artery

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5
Q

Vertebral level of hyoid bone

A

C3 - also bifurcation of common carotid artery

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6
Q

Vertebral level: thyroid cartilage

A

C5

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7
Q

Vertebral level: cricoid cartilage

A

C6 - also start of trachea and esophagus

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8
Q

Vertebral level: sternal angle of louie

A

T4 - also bifurcation of trachea

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9
Q

Vertebral level: hiatus of IVC

A

T8

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10
Q

Vertebral level: iliac crest

A

L4

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11
Q

Vertebral level: end of sigmoid colon

A

S3

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12
Q

Action: nodding and sideways tilting

A

Atlanto-Occipital joint

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13
Q

Action: turning head side to side, “no” gesture

A

Atlanto-Axial joint (C1 and C2)

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14
Q

Spinal cord is held in position by:

A

Denticulate ligaments on each side, Filum terminale inferiorly

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15
Q

Termination of spinal cord

A

Lower border of L1, upper border of L2

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16
Q

Sensory tract in the white matter of the spinal cord

A

Posterior horn - bodies of neurons are in the dorsal root ganglion

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17
Q

Motor tract in the white matter of the spinal cord

A

Anterior horn

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18
Q

Disease due to degeneration of anterior horn cells

A

Poliomyelitis

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19
Q

Anterior spinothalamic tract vs Lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Anterior - touch and pressure. Lateral - pain and temperature.

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20
Q

Ascending tract for position sense, 2 pt discrimination, fine discriminative sense, vibratory sense, stereognosis

A

Dorsal/Posterior Column - if already in brainstem, call it the medial lemniscus

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21
Q

Dermatome: tip of shoulder

A

C5

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22
Q

Dermatome: thumb

A

C6

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23
Q

Dermatome: middle finger

A

C7

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24
Q

Dermatome: small finger

A

C8

25
Q

Dermatome: nipple

A

T4

26
Q

Dermatome: umbilicus

A

T10

27
Q

Dermatome: big toe

A

L4-L5

28
Q

(+) swaying with eyes open

A

Cerebellar ataxia, (-) Romberg’s sign

29
Q

(+) swaying with eyes closed. Normal stance when eyes are open.

A

Sensory ataxia, (+) Romberg’s sign

30
Q

Definition of UMN

A

Descending pathways in the spinal cord

31
Q

Definition of LMNs

A

Motor cells in the anterior gray horn of the SC and motor nuclei of cranial nerves - final common pathway for control of skeletal muscle activity

32
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract decussate?

A

Lower medulla

33
Q

Cavitation around the central canal of the spinal cord

A

Syringomyelia - loss of pain and temp sensations in hands and forearms, cape like distribution

34
Q

Disease of anterior horn cells leading to LMN lesions

A

Poliomyelitis

35
Q

Secondary degeneration of dorsal columns due to neurosyphilis

A

Tabes dorsalis - loss of vibration and position senses

36
Q

Degeneration of anterior horn cells (LMN) and corticospinal tract (UMN)

A

ALS - pure motor disease

37
Q

Degeneration of posterior and lateral columns due to Vit B12 deficiency

A

Subacute combined degeneration - loss of position sense and vibration in legs

38
Q

Spinal cord hemisection: Brown Sequard’s Syndrome

A

Contralateral loss of pain and temp, ipsilateral loss of propioception

39
Q

Temporary loss of all cord functions below the level of the lesion in the SC

A

Spinal shock - <24 hours up to 1 to 4 weeks

40
Q

Most severe type of spina bifida

A

Spina bifida with myeloschisis - area is open

41
Q

Small dimple at the back with a tuft of hair. No clinical manifestations

A

Spina bifida occulta

42
Q

Site of lumbar hernia

A

Lumbar Triangle of Petit - ext oblique abdom, lat dorsi, iliac crest

43
Q

Forms a false capsule of the thyroid gland

A

Pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia

44
Q

Contents of the carotid sheath

A

Common and internal carotid arteries , internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

45
Q

This rib articulates with the sternum

A

2nd rib

46
Q

Verterbral level: angle of louie

A

Between T4 and T5

47
Q

Total number of ribs: 12 pairs

A

True ribs - 1 to 7. False ribs - 8 to 12. Floating ribs - 11 and 12.

48
Q

Weakest point of the rib where fractures are common

A

Anterior to angle of the rib - 7 to 10 most commonly fractured

49
Q

Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery/vein

A

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

50
Q

Muscles that depress the ribs

A

Serratus posterior inferior, internal intercostal and transverse thoracis

51
Q

Level the descending thoracic aorta becomes the abdominal aorta

A

T12

52
Q

Distention of the veins of the neck on inspiration

A

Kussmaul’s sign - cardiac tamponade

53
Q

Common site of an occlusion in MI

A

Anterior interventricular artery from L coronary artery - supplies RV, interventriular septum and apex

54
Q

Modified trabeculae carnae that crosses the interventricular septum

A

Moderator band - seen only at RV

55
Q

Most posterior of the heart chambers

A

L atrium

56
Q

Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease

A

Transposition of Great Arteries

57
Q

Most common congenital anomaly associated with maternal rubella infection

A

PDA - aortic blood is shunted into the pulmonary artery

58
Q

Tongue like extension beneath the cardiac notch

A

Lingula in the L lung - embryologic counterpart of R middle lobe

Patho flash cards (33 decks)

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