ANA 303 PQ Flashcards
Broca’s area is found in the inferior frontal gyrus (describe its location)
True
Frontal lobe, Brodmann area 44 and 45 usually on the left side of the brain
The Broca’s area is only found on one hemisphere of the brain so if damaged would impair the ability of an individual to speak
True
Grey matter has many cells containing myelin sheath which gives its grey color
false
The anterior association area is primarily involved in intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behaviour
False
The cerebral hemispheres are cound by a thick band of association fibres called corpus callosum
True
The corticospinal, and spinothalamic tracts as well as the medial, lateral, trigeminal and spinal menisci are examples of projection fibres
True
The fissure of Rolando aka central sulcus arises in the middle of each hemisphere, and separates the frontal lobe from the parietal, while the Sylvian fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
False
Commissural fibers like anterior and hippocampal commissures are involved in inter-hemispheric communication
True
Uncaltranstentorial herniation can be seen pushing through the horizontal fissure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
True
Ventricular system
They arise as craniocaudal dilatations of the neural tube.
True
The prosencephalic dilatation leads to the formation of the lateral ventricles and third ventricle.
True
The lateral ventricles are paired laterally and medially.
False
The blood-CSF barrier is formed by choroid plexus’ endothelial cells and its sinusoidal capillaries.
True
The right and left lateral apertures of Luschka carries CFS from the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space via the cistern of the great cerebral vein.
False
Communicating hydrocephalus is due to
obstruction in the Foramen of Magendie
False
During examinition at a clinic, it was
noticed that the size of an infant’s head
was larger than normal expected of
age. Radiological examination indicate
an obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct
draining the fourth ventricle
True
Ventricles
Lined by a specialized stratified
squamous neurospithelium called
ependyma
False
The membranes that surround the cisterns in the cranial
cavity are;
- Dura and arachnoid mater
- Dura mater and ependymal cell layer
- Neuronal cell membrane and pia mater
- Pia and arachnoid mater
- Periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater
- Dura and arachnoid mater F
- Dura mater and ependymal cell layer F
- Neuronal cell membrane and pia mater F
- Pia and arachnoid mater T
- Periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater F
Regarding spinal cord lesions;
24.
Lesions of a single posterior root will cause pain in the skin and muscles innervated by that root
True
25.
Damage to the anterolateral system Will cause contralateral loss of pain, temperature and crude touch below the level of the lesion.
True
26.
Damage to the dorsal column causes ipsilateral disruption of proprioception and pressure above the level of the lesion
False, below
27.
Lesion of a single anterior root will cause paralysis to any muscle supplied exclusively by the root
True
A 50-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room after a head injury resulting from a motorcycle accident. The patient was diagnosed as having an accumulation of fluid in the cranial cavity. Which space will this quid likely occupy?
28.Sub-pia space
29Subarachnoid space
30. Sub-meningeal space
31. Epidural space
32. Sub-dural space
28.Sub-pia space F
29Subarachnoid space T
30. Sub-meningeal space F
31. Epidural space F
32. Sub-dural space F
A patient suffers an embolism
affecting posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), what are the clinical manifestations of this stroke
33 Loss of discriminative touch and
vibratory sense on ipsilateral side of the
body
34 Loss of temperature and pain senses on the ipsilateral side of the body
35 Tongue paralysis that will deviate to
ipsilateral side of artery affected
36. Lower motor neuron paralysis
37. Tongue paralysis that will deviate to
contralateral side of artery affected
33 Loss of discriminative touch and
vibratory sense on ipsilateral side of the
body
34 Loss of temperature and pain senses on the ipsilateral side of the body F (contralateral)
35 Tongue paralysis that will deviate to
ipsilateral side of artery affected
36. Lower motor neuron paralysis
37. Tongue paralysis that will deviate to
contralateral side of artery affected
- Mammalian brain constitutes basically two mode of synaptic transmission
True
Electrical synapse is the major type of
symapse in the brain
False
Electrical synapse involves the use of Ca?* channels.
False
Chemical synapse is slow compared to electrical synapse.
True
A security guard at a bank was shot in the bank during an attempted bank robbery. He was admitted to the emergency room, and when he regained consciousness, he was given a neurologic examination. The neurologist concluded that the guard has suffered from Brown-Sequard syndrome at the lower left of the thoracic segment of spinal cord. What symptoms will the guard present with?
- Loss of tactile stimulation on both legs
- Loss of pain sensation on the left leg
- Paraplegia
- Loss of pain sensation in both upper limbs
- Loss of tactile stimulation on both legs F
- Loss of pain sensation on the left leg F
- Paraplegia
- Loss of pain sensation in both upper limbs F
The limbic system:
46. Comprises the hippocampal forration, pons, Septal area,
Amygdala, and the cingulate gyrus.
False
No pons
- Structures directly or indirectly communicate with the hypothalamus and midbrain PAG.
True
48.Double vision is related to oculomotor nerve damage.
True
Limbic system Extends from the ventricular surface to the dentate gyrus.
False
It’s the hippocampus that does that
In animals, there exists a dorsal septal area.
True
Circle of Willis is:
51.around the medulla.
False
The circle of Willis is
Formed by the branches of both carotid and vertebral
True
The internal carotid arteries branch into smaller arteries that supply oxygenated blood to over 80% of the cerebrum.
True
Distinction
Amen
The circle is Willis
Is absent around the anterior commissure.
True/false
Arachnoid mater is avascular.
True
The anterior cerebral artery anastomoses with posterior
False
About Syringomylia:
Bilateral spastic paralysis of the right leg
False
Syringomyelia
Loss of A Delta, and C fiber receptors in chromosomes innervated by the affected segments
False
About Syringomyelia
It’s characterized by cavitation and gliosis
True
About Syringomyelia
It’s a non-developmental abnormality in the central canal of the cervical spinal cord only
False
Foatures of tethered cord syndrome:
Presents as progressive cauda squina disorder
?
Tethered cord syndrome
Perineal or perianal pain
False
Tethered cord syndrome
Low-lying conus (below/ L1-12)
False
Tethered cord syndrome
Spinal stenosis
False
Regarding openings in the ventricular system:
Lumbar cistern is the site of lumbar puncture.
False
Lumbar puncture is contraindicated in intracranial hypertension.
False
Level of injection for lumbar puncture in both children and adult is the same.
False
The frontal lobe, the largest of the cerebral lobes:
Extends from the central sulcus to the frontal pole of the brain.
True
- The frontal cortex also extends onto the medial surface of the brain, where it borders the corpus callosum inferiorly
True
During a routine examination, a physician attempted to ellcit a gag reflex response in a patient by stroking the posterior pharynx with a cotton-tipped robe. This reflex is initiated primarily by activation the sensory endings of
72.Cranial nerve IX
73.Cranial nerve XI
74. Cranial nerve XIl
72.Cranial nerve IX T
73.Cranial nerve XI F
74. Cranial nerve XII F
A. 57-year-old astronaut was transferred from a psychiatric clinic to the local hospital for neurological examination because he showed signs of Klüver-Bucy syndrome. An MRI revealed the presence of a small tumour in the brain, the locus of this tumour Ilkely includes the:
75. Hippocampal formation
76. Septal area
77. amygdala
- Hippocampal formation F
- Septal area F
- amygdala T
Dr Olayinka was experiencing difficulfes in a card-sorting test (as a measure of cognitive function) and failed to accurately peroeive the vertical when seated in a tilted chair. Imaging revealed lesion in the;
78. hippocampus
79 septal area
80. prefrontal cortex
- hippocampus F
79 septal area F - prefrontal cortex T
L3-L4 is ideal for lumbar puncture
True
