AN120: GIT Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the GIT?
- Foregut
- Midgut
- Hindgut
What is the foregut?
It is the embryological structure that forms the:
- stomach
- first part of duodenum
- upper half of the second part of the duodenum
- liver & upper part of pancreas
What is the midgut?
An embryological structure that forms:
1. remaining of the duodenum
2. lower part of pancreas
3. small intestine (jejenum & ilium)
4. proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
What is the hindgut?
embryological structure that forms:
- remaining part of the colon
- rectum & upper half of the anal canal
What is the GIT?
Gastointestinal tract. It consists of:
1. mouth
2. oro-pharynx
3. oesophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine
6. large intestine
What are the accessory glands of the GIT?
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Spleen
What is the mouth?
oro means mouth
2 parts:
1. vestibule of the mouth
2. mouth proper
What does the mouth contain?
tongue & teeth
- connected with salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, & sublingual glands
What is the oro-pharynx
The part of the pharynx that lies behind the mouth.
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngeo-pharynx
What are the properties of the oesophagus?
- muscular tube
- 25cm long
- lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the 3 parts of the esophagus?
- cervical
- thoracic
- abdominal
Where does the esophagus end?
at the gastro-esophageal junction [CO] via a physiological sphincter
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What is to note regarding the esophagus?
Its lower area is the site of epithelial dysplasia & metaplasia
What is the stomach?
- muscular sac
- upper left of abdomen
- under the lower ribs
- digests food & minimal absorption of alcohol
What is the small intestine?
- 6m long
- central part of abdomen
- functions in digestion & absorption of food
What does the small intestine consist of?
- duodenum
- jejenum
- ileum
What is duodenum?
- 25cm
- lies in epigastric area
- C-shaped
- surrounds head of the pancreas
What is important about the terminal ileum?
very important function in absorption of vitamin B12, bile salts, & lipid-soluble vitamins (ADKE)
Is the rectum part of the colon?
No
What is the large intestine?
130cm long formed of:
- caecum
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
- anal colon
- appendix
What lies in the pelvis?
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
- anal canal
What is the large intestine characterized by?
3 things that are not present in the small intestine:
1. sacculation
2. taenia coil
3. epiploicae appendices
What is the liver?
- forms 2 lobes
- lies on the right side of the abdomen (upper part)
- totally covered by the ribs & costal cartilages
essential for life & has many very important functions.
p.s it cannot be felt below the costal margin
