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AP Human Geography > AMSCO Vocab Chapter 10 > Flashcards

AMSCO Vocab Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

geopolitics

A

the study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states

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2
Q

territoriality

A

a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend a space they claim

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3
Q

Organic Theory

A

states need nourishment and living space to survive

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4
Q

Heartland Theory

A

land-based power is essential in achieving global domination

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5
Q

Rimland Theory

A

power is gotten from controlling maritime areas of the world

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6
Q

defined boundary

A

established by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one side from another

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7
Q

delimited boundary

A

a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space

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8
Q

demarcated boundary

A

one identified by physical objects placed on the landscape

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9
Q

natural boundary

A

based on physical features to separate two sides

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10
Q

geometric boundary

A

a straight line drawn by people that does not follow any physical feature closely

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11
Q

cultural boundary

A

based on human traits or behavior

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12
Q

definitional boundary disputes

A

when parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents that identify the boundary

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13
Q

locational boundary disputes

A

disputes that center on where a boundary should be

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14
Q

irredentism

A

when one country seeks to take over territory in another because it has ties to the population that live there

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15
Q

operational boundary dispute

A

centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions

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16
Q

allocational boundary dispute

A

when a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries

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17
Q

antecedent boundary

A

drawn before a large population was present

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18
Q

subsequent boundary

A

drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences

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19
Q

relic boundary

A

boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape

20
Q

superimposed boundary

A

a boundary drawn by outside forces

21
Q

militarized boundary

A

boundary heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement

22
Q

open boundary

A

a border where crossing is unrestricted

23
Q

United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea

A

defined four zones

24
Q

Territorial Sea (UNCLS)

A

up to 12 nautical miles of power; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged

25
Q

Contiguous Zone (UNCLS)

A

Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles, where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation

26
Q

Exclusive Economic Zone (UNCLS)

A

coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage up to 200 nautical miles

27
Q

High Seas

A

water beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone is open to all states

28
Q

electorate

A

leaders voted by citizens to govern on their behalf and they represent citizens

29
Q

census

A

a count of the population

30
Q

reapportionment

A

changing the number of representatives in each state so it reflects the state’s population

31
Q

redistricting

A

drawing district boundaries so that district contains roughly the same number of people

32
Q

gerrymandering

A

the drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend their advantage

33
Q

cracking

A

dispersing a group into several districts to prevent a minority

34
Q

packing

A

combining like-minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts

35
Q

stacking

A

diluting a minority populated district with majority populations

36
Q

hijacking

A

redrawing two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against each other

37
Q

kidnapping

A

moving an area where an elected representatives has support to an area where he or she does not have support

38
Q

shatterbelt

A

a region that suffers instability because it is located between two very different regions

39
Q

morphology

A

a state’s shape

40
Q

compact state

A

distance from the center does not significantly vary

41
Q

elongated state

A

difficult communication and travel

42
Q

prorupted state

A

compact area with an extension (like Thailand)

43
Q

perforated state

A

state that completely surrounds another state

44
Q

fragmented state

A

scattered (islands) from the core

45
Q

annexation

A

the process of legally adding territory to a city

AP Human Geography (9 decks)

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