AMSCO Vocab Chapter 10 Flashcards
geopolitics
the study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states
territoriality
a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend a space they claim
Organic Theory
states need nourishment and living space to survive
Heartland Theory
land-based power is essential in achieving global domination
Rimland Theory
power is gotten from controlling maritime areas of the world
defined boundary
established by a legal document such as a treaty that divides one side from another
delimited boundary
a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space
demarcated boundary
one identified by physical objects placed on the landscape
natural boundary
based on physical features to separate two sides
geometric boundary
a straight line drawn by people that does not follow any physical feature closely
cultural boundary
based on human traits or behavior
definitional boundary disputes
when parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents that identify the boundary
locational boundary disputes
disputes that center on where a boundary should be
irredentism
when one country seeks to take over territory in another because it has ties to the population that live there
operational boundary dispute
centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions
allocational boundary dispute
when a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries
antecedent boundary
drawn before a large population was present
subsequent boundary
drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences
relic boundary
boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape
superimposed boundary
a boundary drawn by outside forces
militarized boundary
boundary heavily guarded and discourages crossing and movement
open boundary
a border where crossing is unrestricted
United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea
defined four zones
Territorial Sea (UNCLS)
up to 12 nautical miles of power; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged
Contiguous Zone (UNCLS)
Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles, where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation
Exclusive Economic Zone (UNCLS)
coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage up to 200 nautical miles
High Seas
water beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone is open to all states
electorate
leaders voted by citizens to govern on their behalf and they represent citizens
census
a count of the population
reapportionment
changing the number of representatives in each state so it reflects the state’s population
redistricting
drawing district boundaries so that district contains roughly the same number of people
gerrymandering
the drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party or group in power to extend their advantage
cracking
dispersing a group into several districts to prevent a minority
packing
combining like-minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts
stacking
diluting a minority populated district with majority populations
hijacking
redrawing two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against each other
kidnapping
moving an area where an elected representatives has support to an area where he or she does not have support
shatterbelt
a region that suffers instability because it is located between two very different regions
morphology
a state’s shape
compact state
distance from the center does not significantly vary
elongated state
difficult communication and travel
prorupted state
compact area with an extension (like Thailand)
perforated state
state that completely surrounds another state
fragmented state
scattered (islands) from the core
annexation
the process of legally adding territory to a city
