AMSCO Chapter 15

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

a set of changes in technology that increased manufacturing productivity

Question 2

imperialism

Answer 2

the act of extending a country’s political & economic power

Question 3

assembly line

Answer 3

where an item moves from worker to worker, with each worker performing the same task repeatedly

Question 4

Fordism

Answer 4

assembly line system of mass production

Question 5

substitution principle

Answer 5

where businesses substitute one factor of production for another

Question 6

post-Fordism

Answer 6

non manual work and a flexible approach to production

Question 7

primary sector

Answer 7

where natural resources are extracted

Question 8

tertiary sector

Answer 8

providing services

Question 9

quaternary sector

Answer 9

“knowledge-based sector” - includes research & development, education, financial services, etc.

Question 10

quinary sector

Answer 10

consists of the highest levels of decision making, includes the top officials in government

Question 11

multiplier effect

Answer 11

a job to producing additional jobs

Question 12

least cost theory

Answer 12

attempts to predict the location of a manufacturing site relative to the location of the resources needed to produce a product

Question 13

bulk-reducing industry

Answer 13

products weigh more after assembly

Question 14

bulk-gaining industry

Answer 14

products weigh less after assembly

Question 15

energy-dependent industry

Answer 15

companies built close to major sources of cheap power

Question 16

agglomeration economies

Answer 16

companies and industries clusster together to reduce cost

Question 17

locational triangle

Answer 17

the market for goods is at top point and the resources used to make it are at 2 bottom points

Question 18

labor-dependent industries

Answer 18

requires people with specific skills and are located close to training institutions (colleges & universities)

Question 19

locational interdependence

Answer 19

location of a factory is dependent on the location of other factories

Question 20

just-in-time delivery

Answer 20

items needed in the assembly line arrive very close to when they are needed

Question 21

footloose

Answer 21

when businesses can pack up and leave for a new location easily and quickly

Question 22

offshoring

Answer 22

when companies move their back offices to other countries

Question 23

outsourcing

Answer 23

contracting work out to non company employees or other countries

Question 24

isotropic plain

Answer 24

an area where there is no variation or diversity in physical landscape