AmRev flash Flashcards
What was the Albany Plan of the Union?
US 149: Ben Franklin suggested that the colonies band together for defense against the French. This proposal was defeated in colonial legislatures because each colony did not want to give up control of their own affairs.
NC 125: Colonial leaders met in Albany, New York, to discuss how to protect themselves against the French. Ben Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed a central government that would be headed by a “president general.” This government would provide defense for all colonists. A majority rejected the idea because it would weaken their authority. NC did not send a delegate.
Who fought against who in the French and Indian War, and what were they fighting over?
US 146-50
NC 125: The war started in America and spread to Europe, and was a struggle between the French and the British. The war was fought over which European kingdom would control North America.
What was the outcome of the French and Indian War? (AKA: Who lost what and who gained what?)
US 150: The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the Seven Years War. Through it, Britain would claim all of North America east of the Mississippi (from the Mississippi to the Atlantic coast). Spain agreed to help France fight the war, so they were given New Orleans and Louisiana. Britain returned Cuba and the Philippines which they had stolen in the war, in exchange for Florida. The Treaty ended French Power in the American Colonies.
NC 125-26
Proclamation of 1763
US 151: Because Native Americans were attacking every fort west of the Appalachians, British Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763. They knew it would be too costly to defend the land, so proclamation forbid the colonists to settle west of the Appalachians. 160 Many colonists ignored the law.
Sugar Act (1764)
US 160: The law placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies (Colonial Imports). It also called for the harsh treatment of smugglers trying to avoid paying the tax.
Quartering Act (1765)
US 160: A cost-saving measure that required the colonies to quarter, or house, British soldiers and provide them with supplies. Most of the troops were put in New York.
Stamp Act (1765)
US 160: This law required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid.
Declaratory Act (1766)
US 162: The law said that Parliament had supreme authority to govern the colonies. This began a political “tug of war” between Parliament and colonial assemblies.
Townshend Act (1767)
US 163: A series of acts that were intended to raise British revenue in the colonies. The first Townshend Act suspended New York’s assembly until New Yorkers agreed to provide housing for the troops. Other acts placed import taxes on various goods brought into the colonies such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.
The Tea Act (1773)
US 166: The act gave the British East India Company control over the American tea trade. Colonists not paying taxes on smuggled tea now had to pay them because they could only get their tea from one place.
Intolerable Acts (1774) Originally known as the “Coercive Acts”
US 170: A series of laws passed by Parliament intended to punish the Massachusetts colony for the Boston Tea Party and to serve as a warning to other colonies. One of the acts closed the port of Boston until colonists paid for the tea. Others banned committees of correspondence, allowed Britain to house troops wherever necessary, and let British officials accused of crimes in the colonies stand trial in Britain.
Who founded the Sons of Liberty? What did the Sons of Liberty want to accomplish (Purpose)?
US 161: The Sons of Liberty was a secret society of colonists that formed to oppose British policies. The Sons of Liberty staged protests against the Stamp in hopes the act would be repealed. Most accredit Samuel Adams with the founding of the Sons of Liberty.
In what ways did the Sons of Liberty protest the laws enacted by British Parliament?
US 161: They burned stamped paper when they could and attacked customs officials by tar and feathering them. The Sons of Liberty would also be responsible for the Boston Tea Party.
Describe the events of the Boston Massacre.
US 165: A group of youths and dockworkers began to trade insults with the British soldiers outside of the Custom House. Colonists began throwing snowballs and ice at the soldiers. A fight broke out and the soldiers fired shots into the crowd. Crispus Attucks, a former slave, and four others were killed
How was John Adams connected to the events in Boston.
US 165-66: John Adams served as lawyer for the soldiers arguing the law should protect everyone, including the soldiers. Adams argued that they had acted in self-defense and the jury agreed, however the Massacre stood as a symbol of British tyranny for many.
Who was responsible for the Boston Tea Party? What were they protesting?
US 167: The Sons of Liberty were responsible for the Boston Tea Party. Disguised as Native Americans, the men dumped 342 crates of tea belonging to the British East India Company into the Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act passed by Parliament earlier that year. The event drew a crowd of 2,000 who stood watching from the shoreline.
What was the cost of the Tea Party, and who had to pay for it? How would they pay for it?
I Googled this The Sons’ escapade cost the BEI Company the modern day equivalent of $1 million.
American Promise 180: British Parliament would soon pass the Coercive Acts, four laws meant to punish the Massachusetts Colony for destroying the tea. One of which closed the Boston Harbor until the BEI Company had been repaid. These laws would soon be known as the Intolerable Acts throughout the American Colonies.
(1st CC)
Who met? Where did they meet? What did they meet about? When did they say they would meet again?
US 171: The delegates agreed to meet again in 7 months (April ‘75) if necessary. Lexington and Concord would happen April 19, 1775. Called for colonies to start training troops. Representatives voted to ban all trade with Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed.
AP 182: Every colony except for Georgia sent delegates to Philadelphia (PA) in September 1774 to discuss the looming crisis in the colonies. The men met to discuss their “liberties as British subjects” and the power Parliament had over them. (They had no one representing them in Parliament… In England). Debated response to Coercive Acts. *They met for 7 weeks.
Had fighting started when the 1st Continental Congress met?
No
(Midnight ride)
When was the ride? Who rode? Why were they riding?
US 172: April 18-19, 1775. Paul Revere and William Dawes.
AP 184: The two set out to warn the patriots of the British attack the next day. Revere went by boat from Boston to Charlestown then by horse through Medford to Lexington. Dawes took the land route casually strolling past the British patrols then riding full speed to Lexington. They also rode to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams to flee capture from the British.
How would Paul Revere signal to Charlestown (MA) about British troop movements?
US 172: “One if by land, two if by sea.” Revere arranged a system to alert colonists in Charlestown (Not SC) on the shore opposite of Boston. If one lantern burned in the Old North Church steeple, the British troops were coming by land; if two they were coming by water.
Why were the British marching to Lexington & Concord?
US 173: British General Thomas Gage (Royal Gov Mass) heard that Sam Adams and John Hancock were in Lexington, and that the Massachusetts militia was storing arms and ammunition in Concord, about 20 miles northwest of Boston. He ordered his troops to march to Lexington and arrest Adams and Hancock then to march on to Concord to destroy the militia’s supplies. At dawn (7am) some 700 British troops reached Lexington.
