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Assistive Technologies > Amputation > Flashcards

Amputation Flashcards

1
Q

A surgery to remove all or part of a limb or extremity

A

Amputation

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2
Q

Purpose of doing amputation

A

Control infections

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3
Q

Amputation comes from the latin word

A

Amputare (to cut around)

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4
Q

Leading cause of amputation

A

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

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5
Q

Second leading cause of amputation

A

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

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6
Q

Other causes of amputation

A

HTN
Dyslipidemia

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7
Q

Amputation is more common in what sex?

A

Males

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8
Q

A type of amputation wherein soft tissues are closed primarily over the bony stump

A

Closed-type

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9
Q

Principles of closed amputation

A

Tourniquets
Level of amputation
Flaps
Muscle
Methods of muscle suture
Compression dressing
Absolute bed rest
Limb fitted
Nerves
Bones
Blood Vessels
Drains

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10
Q

What does a tourniquet do in a closed amputation?

A

Prevents excessive blood loss

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11
Q

When should a tourniquet be applied?

A

Done before actual amputation

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12
Q

Contraindication for tourniquet

A

Ischemic limb

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13
Q

Important to fit prosthesis

A

Level of amputation

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14
Q

Skin should be mobile and sensitive

A

Flaps

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15
Q

3 methods of muscle suture

A

Myodesis
Myoplasty
Tenodesis

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16
Q

Muscle is sutured to the bone

A

Myodesis

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17
Q

Contraindication for myodesis

A

Ischemic limb

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18
Q

Muscle to muscle closure

A

Myoplasty

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19
Q

Tendon attached to the bone

A

Tenodesis

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20
Q

What are the types of compression dressing used in amputation?

A

Elastic or rigid plaster dressing

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21
Q

Acceptable for conventional prosthesis with adequate vascularity

A

Absolute bed rest with limb elevation

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22
Q

How long is a conventional prosthesis fitted for?

A

A minimum of 8-12 weeks after surgery

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23
Q

How are nerves cut in amputation?

A

Cut proximally and allowed to retract

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24
Q

How are large nerves cut?

A

Large nerves are ligated before division

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25
Q

How are blood vessels cut in amputation?

A

Doubly ligated and cut

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26
Q

How long do drains stay for?

A

Removed after 48-72 hours

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27
Q

Two types of open amputation

A

Guillotine
Circular

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28
Q

Treatments following open amputation

A

Rigid dressing concept (Pylon)
Soft dressing concept

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29
Q

POP cast is applied to the stump over the dressing after surgery

A

Rigid dressing concept (Pylon)

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30
Q

Stump is dressed with the sterile dressing and elastocrepe bandage applied over it.

A

Soft dressing concept

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31
Q

Complications of amputation

A

Hematoma
Infection
Necrosis
Contracture
Neuroma
Stump pain
Phantom sensation
Hyperesthesia of stump
Stump edema
Bone overgrowth
Causalgia

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32
Q

The sensation in body regions where limbs or body parts used to exist

A

Phantom limb

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33
Q

Sensation felt in phantom limb

A

tingling
burning
itching
pressure
numbness (sometimes)

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34
Q

Scar over the surgical incision poses a problem in process of rehab

A

Painful adhesive scar formation

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35
Q

How can a phantom limb be addressed?

A

Providing proprioceptive feedback for the artificial limb

36
Q

Scar over surgical incidion

A

Painful adhesive scar

37
Q

How can painful adhesive scar be addressed?

A

Early mobilization of the painful scar with other therapeutic modalities

38
Q

How many weeks does new bone form after electrical burn?

A

5 weeks

39
Q

Signs found in the residual limb that may be a sign of new bone formation

A

Warmth
Tenderness
Swelling

40
Q

What is the percentage of trauma-caused amputation?

A

16.4

41
Q

What is the percentage of amputations caused by neuropathy and vascular conditions?

A

81.9

42
Q

What is the percentage of cancer-related amputation?

A

0.9%

43
Q

What is the percentage of amputations that is caused by congenital abnormalities?

A

0.8%

44
Q

Exclusion of any of one or more toes

A

Partial toe

45
Q

Disarticulation at the MTT joint

A

Toe disarticulation

46
Q

Resection of 3rd, 4th, and 5th MTT and digits

A

Partial foot/ray resection

47
Q

Amputation through the midsection of all MTT

A

Transmetatarsal

48
Q

Ankle disarticulation c the attachment of the heel to the distal end of tibia; May include removal of malleoli and distal tibia/fibula flares

A

Ankle disarticulation (Syme’s)

49
Q

More than 50% of the tibial length

A

Long transtibial (below knee)

50
Q

Less than 20% of the tibial length

A

Transtibial (below knee)

51
Q

Amputation through the knee joint; femur is intact

A

Knee disarticulation

52
Q

More than 60% of the femoral length

A

Long transfemoral (above knee)

53
Q

Between 35-65% of the femoral length

A

Transfemoral (above knee)

54
Q

Less than 35% of the femoral length

A

Short transfemoral (above knee)

55
Q

Amputation through the hip joint; pelvis intact

A

Hip disarticulation

56
Q

Resection of the lower half of the pelvis

A

Hemipelvectomy

57
Q

Amputation of both lower limbs and pelvis below L4-L5

A

Hemicorporectomy

58
Q

Partial hand

A

Partial hand

59
Q

Wrist disarticulation

A

Wrist disarticulation

60
Q

Below elbow

A

Transradial

61
Q

Elbow disarticulation

A

Elbow disarticulation

62
Q

Above elbow

A

Transhumeral

63
Q

Energy above baseline of long transtibial

A

10 %

64
Q

Speed of long transtibial

A

70 m/min

65
Q

O2 cost of long transtibial

A

0.17 mL

66
Q

Energy expenditure of average transtibial

A

Energy: 25%
Speed: 60 m/min
O2 cost: 0.20 mL

67
Q

Energy expenditure for short transtibial

A

Energy: 40%
Speed: 50 m/min
O2 cost: 0.20 mL

68
Q

Energy expenditure for bilateral transtibial

A

Energy: 41%
Speed: 50 m/min
O2 cost: 0.20%

69
Q

Energy expenditure for Transfemoral

A

Energy: 65%
Speed: 40 m/min
O2 cost: 0.28 mL

70
Q

Energy expenditure for W/C

A

Energy: 0-8%
Speed: 70 m/min
O2 cost: 0.16 mL

71
Q

3 domains assessed during pre-op

A

Physical
Social
Psychological

72
Q

PT Education for amputees

A

Phantom Limb Pain
Discussion of the surgical level
Post-op prosthetic plans
Training
Reassurance
Process for adaptation

73
Q

Systems assessed in physical assessment

A

Ms strength
Joint mobility
Respiratory function
Balance reaction
Functional ability
Vision and Hearing status

74
Q

What is assessed psychologically?

A

Psychological of pt
Motivation
Other psychological issues

75
Q

What can be found under social assessment?

A

Family and friends support
Living/Work environment
Proximity to stores/shops

76
Q

What are the goals of a pre-operative training?

A

Minimize post-op complications
Lower the rehab cost
Shorten rehab duration

77
Q

What are done in training programs for amputees?

A

Prevent thrombosis
Prevent chest complications
Relieve pressure
Improve mobility
Educate the pt

78
Q

Unaffected parts do not occur distal to and in line with deficient portion

A

Terminal deficiencies

79
Q

Complete absence (both Rad/Ul or Tob/Fib) distal to the level of loss

A

Transverse

80
Q

Complete longitudinal absence in either pre or post axial elements

A

Terminal paraxial

81
Q

Intermediate parts are deficient; elements proximal to and distal to deficient portion are absent

A

Intercalary deficiency

82
Q

Segmental absence of either pre or post axial segments; intact proximal and distal

A

Intercalary paraxial

83
Q

Presents with foreshortening of limb

A

Phocomelia

84
Q

Where does the length measurement of a transtibial amputation start?

A

Starts from the medial joint line of the knee (Alternative: Tibial tub)

85
Q

Where does the length measurement of a transfemoral amputation start?

A

Ischial tuberosity/GT

Assistive Technologies (8 decks)

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