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Vertebrate Biology > Amphibians/Reptiles > Flashcards

Amphibians/Reptiles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three different types of colour pigment cells?

A
  1. Melanophores: black, brown, reddish- gives dark pigmentation
  2. Iridophores: reflect light
  3. Xanthophores: yellow, orange and red
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2
Q

What two groups are in Urodela?

A

Salamanders and newts

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3
Q

What type of swimming form do urodela use?

A

Undulating

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4
Q

What is paedomorphosis and what group possesses this feature?

A

Where the adults retain their juvenile features

Urodela

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5
Q

Give an example of paedomorphosis

A

The retention of gills in the axolotl

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6
Q

How many species of Urodela are there?

A

400 species

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7
Q

What are cave dwellers called?

A

Troglodyty

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8
Q

What is the largest group of extant amphibians?

A

Anura

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9
Q

What two groups are within Anura and what does Anura mean?

A

Frogs and toads

An= without

Uro= tail

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10
Q

What features distinguish Anura?

A

Fast, powerful, hindlimb muscles

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11
Q

What group do caecilians belong to?

A

Gymnophiona

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12
Q

What are caecilians?

A

They’re legless and either burrowing or aquatic

Have dermal scales and internal fertilisation

Offspring eats their skin

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13
Q

What type of fertilisation is most common in amphibians?

A

External

Some use internal

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14
Q

What can parental care sometimes involve?

A

Attached to adults

Mouth or stomach brooders

Ovo-viparous

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15
Q

What can courtship involve?

A

Pheromones

Dimorphism

Advertisement calls

Strong sexual selection- usually females choice

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16
Q

What are the two character complexes that ensure reptiles aren’t dependent on aquatic habitats?

A
  1. Evolution of an egg with a shell impermeable to water but allows gas exchange
  2. A combination of traits that reduce water loss: skin is impermeable to water (apomorphine) and kidneys excrete concentrated urine (plesiomorphy)
17
Q

What are the 4 extra embryonic membranes?

A
  1. Amnion: surrounds and protects the embryo itself
  2. Chorion: surrounds the embryo and yolk sac- gas exchange
  3. Yolk sac: membrane that contains all the nutrients needed for the embryo to develop
  4. Allantois: grows throughout development, stores nitrogenous waste
18
Q

What are the two main groups of reptiles?

A

Synapsids: mammal like reptiles

Sauropsids: lizard like reptiles

19
Q

What are the two groups within sauropsids?

A

Anapsids: includes testudines- primitive reptiles

Diapsids: archosaurs (dinosaurs, crocodiles, birds) and lepidosaurs (lizards and snakes)

20
Q

What is the skull structure for anapsid, synapsid and diapsid?

A

Anapsid: no joke- turtles

Synapsids: single hole- mammals

Diapsids: two holes- dinosaurs, snakes, lizards, crocodiles and birds

Vertebrate Biology (13 decks)

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