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Chemistry > Amount Of Substance > Flashcards

Amount Of Substance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the ideal Gas equation?

A

Pv = n R T

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2
Q

What do the letter stand for in the Ideal Gas equation and what units are these measured in ?

A 
P= pressure (pascals)
V= volume (m cubed)
N= number of miles
R= gas constant - 8.31 joules per kelvin per mole
T= temperature (kelvin)
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3
Q

What is a mole ?

A

A unit used for mass. Can be measured in grams of dm cubed for concentration.

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4
Q

How many miles in 1 litre of water ?

A

55.6

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5
Q

How do you calculate number of miles ? Use units

A

Number of moles = mass (grams)/ relative atomic or molecular mass.

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6
Q

What are relative atomic and molecular mass measured in ?

A

RAMS

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7
Q

What is relative isotopic mass ?

A

Is the ratio of the mass of one atom of that isotope to the mass of 1/12th the mass of Carbon-12.

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8
Q

Why is relative isotopic mass never a whole number ?

A

The masses of protons and neutrons vary in every isotope.

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9
Q

What is relative atomic mass ?

A

The ratio of the average mass of one atom of that element to 1/12th the mass of Carbon-12.

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10
Q

What is relative molecular mass?

A

The ratio of the average mass of that molecule to 1/12 the mass of Carbon-12.

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11
Q

How do you calculate relative atomic mass ?

A

(Average mass of one atom/ mass of one atom of carbon-12) x100

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12
Q

What is 1 unit of charge in coulombs ?

A

1.602x10^-19

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13
Q

What is one unit of mass in atomic mass units ?

A

1.661x10^-27 kg

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14
Q

What is an atomic mass unit ?

A

1/12th of the mass of Carbon-12

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15
Q

What is mass number?

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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16
Q

What is a neutral atom ?

A

An atom with the same number of protons and electrons and therefore no overall charge.

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17
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Versions of The same atom because they have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.

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18
Q

What are protons and neutrons collectively called ?

A

Nucleons.

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19
Q

What is the standard nucleus in chemistry ?

A

Carbon- 12

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20
Q

What is one mole of any Gas in dm cubes ? And in what conditions (pressure/temperature)?

A

24 dm cubed

At 100 kilo pascals and 298 kelvin

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21
Q

How is percentage yield calculated ?

A

(Actual mass / theoretical mas) x100

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22
Q

What is the importance of obtaining a high yield ?

A

It makes the process more sustainable and less harmful to the environment because we reduce the waste of reactants and the cost of the process.

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23
Q

Why may percentage yield be below 100%.

A

Reversible reaction where some products have re-reacted to form the initial reactants.
Not all reactants have reacted.
Loss of product whilst filtering, transferring liquids or etc.

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24
Q

Why may a percentage yield be above 100% ?

A

When the actual mass given is incorrect.

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25
Q

What is a precipitation reaction ?

A

When a solid has been produced.

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26
Q

What is the purpose of ionic equations ?

A

They remove ions which could over complicate the chemistry of the reaction.

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27
Q

What are spectator ions ?

A

Ions that are removed in ionic equations.

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28
Q

What is an aqueous substance ?

A

When the solid is dissolved in water , the ions dissociate.

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29
Q

What state are acids ?

A

Acids are aqueous despite being non-metals

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30
Q

What is the charge of all solids ?

A

Zero. They have no charge

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31
Q

What is a limiting reagent ?

A

The substance which stops the reaction going any further because you no longer have enough of it.

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32
Q

What is the conservation of mass ?

A

Weight of reactants = weight of products.

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33
Q

What substances are in ionic and covalent bonds ?

A 
Ionic = metal and non-metal. 
Covalent = non-metals.
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34
Q

What is made when organic compounds are burnt in oxygen and give an example of an organic compound.

A

Hydrocarbons

Carbon dioxide and water.

35
Q

How do you find the number of molecules or particles using avagados constant ?

A

Avagados constant x number of atoms

36
Q

How do you find the number of miles of a substance using avagados constant ?

A

Number of particles / avagados constant.

37
Q

What is meant by relative abundance ?

A

The % of that isotope that occurs in nature.

38
Q

Name 3 reasons why a reaction may be less than the theoretical yield ?

A

Unwanted products formed (by-products)
Some left in the reaction vessel
Impure reactants

39
Q

How is % atom economy calculated ?

A

(Mass of desired products/total mass of reactants) x100

40
Q

What does atom economy mean ?

A

The % of the total mass of reactants that can be converted into the desired products.

41
Q

What does atom economy mean ?

A

The % of the total mass of reactants that can be converted into the desired products.

42
Q

What is 1 atmosphere in pascals.

A

101325

43
Q

What must you add to degrees celcius to get degrees Kelvin ?

A

273

44
Q

What is 1 Kpa in Pa ?

A

1000 Pa

45
Q

What is an ideal gas ?

A

A gas in which the particles show no attraction for each other and also have no volume.

46
Q

When is ideal gas behaviour most likely?

A

High temperatures and low pressures.

47
Q

What is 1m3 in dm3 and cm3

A

1m3=1000dm3=1000000cm3

48
Q

How do you convert cm cubes to m cubed ?

A

Divide by 1000000

49
Q

How do you convert decimetres cubes into meters cubes ?

A

Divide by 1000

50
Q

What must you do to covert degrees Celsius into degrees kelvin ?

A

+273

51
Q

What is an ideal gas ?

A

A gas with particles that show no attraction for each other and also have no volume.

52
Q

When is ideal gas behaviour most likely ?

A

At high temperatures but low pressure.

53
Q

What is the equation to work out density ?

A

Mass divided by volume

54
Q

What is the equation to work out number of moles ?

A

Mass divided by Mr

55
Q

How do you calculate density using the ideal gas equation ?

A

(P x Mr) / (R x T)

56
Q

What is the value of the gas constant ?

A

8.31

57
Q

How is density calculated and what are it’s units ?

A

Mass / volume

Grams per decimetre cubed

58
Q

How is number of moles calculates ?

A

Mass / Mr

59
Q

How is mass calculates ?

A

Moles x Mr

60
Q

What is the definition for concentration ?

And what units is this in. ?

A

The amount of solute present in a fixed quantity of solvent or solution.
In grams per decimetre cubed.

61
Q

What is molarity and what are it’s units ?

A

Concentration in mol per decimetre cubed.

62
Q

What is the definition of standard ?

A

Solution whose concentration is known accurately.

63
Q

How do you calculate number of molecules ?

A

Moles x avagados constant

64
Q

How’s is cm cubes converted to dm cubed ?

A

Divide by 1000

65
Q

How is m3 converted into dm3 ?

A

X 1000

66
Q

Draw the triangle for calculating concentration.

A

Moles on the top.

Volume and concentration on the bottom.

67
Q

What is concentration measured in ?

A

Grams per decimetre cubed.

68
Q

What are the units of Mr

A

Grams per mol

69
Q

How do you convert cm cubes to m cubed ?

A

Divide by 1000000

70
Q

How do you convert decimetres cubes into meters cubes ?

A

Divide by 1000

71
Q

What must you do to covert degrees Celsius into degrees kelvin ?

A

+273

72
Q

What is an ideal gas ?

A

A gas with particles that show no attraction for each other and also have no volume.

73
Q

When is ideal gas behaviour most likely ?

A

At high temperatures but low pressure.

74
Q

What is the equation to work out density ?

A

Mass divided by volume

75
Q

What is the equation to work out number of moles ?

A

Mass divided by Mr

76
Q

What is the definition for concentration ?

A

The amount of solute present in a fixed quantity of solvent or solution (g/dm3).

77
Q

What is molarity ?

A

Concentration measured in mol/dm3

78
Q

What is a standard ?

A

A solution whose concentration is known accurately.

79
Q

How do you convert cm to dm ??

A

X1000

80
Q

How’s do you calculate number of moles in dm3 ?

A

Mass / Mr

81
Q

How do you convert concentration from mol / dm3 to grams/dm3 ?

A

Concentration in molarity x Mr

82
Q

How do you convert concentration in grams per dm2into concentration in mol per dm3 ?

A

Concentration in g/dm3 divides by Mr

83
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction and which ions are involved ?

A

The reaction of an acid and an alkali where the H+ ions from the acid react with the OH- ions from the alkali to create a salt and a water.

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