Amoebae, flagellates, cilliates, tissue protozoa Flashcards
What parasite is this?
Chilomastix mensili
What is this parasite? and what stage?
Entamoeba coli
TROPHOZOITE
What is this parasite? and what stage?
Entamoeba hystolica (w/ RBC’s)
Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba moshkovski
Entamoeba bangladeshi
TROPHOZOITE STAGE
What parasite is this? and what stage?
Endolimax nana
Cyrptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum
route of infection fecal-oral route, Auto-infection
geography: waterborne
Lab diagnosis
stool sample – modified acid-fast stain, immunoassay, direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests
Morphology
trophozoites - rarely seen
cysts - oocysts are generally round, 4-6 micrometers, each mature oocyst contains sporozoites
Pathology
asymptomatic, immunocompetent - self limiting
symptomatic- watery diarrhea, dehydration
chronic infection in immunocompromised: extra-intestinal infection: respiratory infection, death
Chilomastix mensili
Life cycle: ingested eggs contaminated water or fruit
Lab diagnosis
specimen source - stool sample, Lab test: ova and parasite permanent stain
Pathology – none (nonpathogen/commensal)
Giardia lambia
Life cycle: ingested ova in contaminated drinking water
Lab diagnosis
nspecimen source - stool sample
ova and parasite exam - , concentrate and permanent stain.
nparasite morphology
nother lab tests – EIA/ELISA- Giardia antigen test, duodenal aspirate, Entero-Test®, direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test
Pathology – diarrhea, ? Eosinophilia
Cystoisopora belli
Life cycle: ingestion mature oocysts w/ sporozoites
Lab diagnosis
specimen source - stool sample
morphology–oocyst: 20-33 by 10-19 micrometers
Modified acid fast stain
Pathology
Asymptomatic, immunocompetent- self limiting
symptomatic , immunocompromised patient- anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, possibly malabsorption, eosinophilia
What parasite is this?
Dientamoeba fragilis
What is this parasite? and what stage?
Entamoeba hystolitica
Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba moshkovski
Entamoeba bangladeshi
CYST STAGE
Toxoplasma gondii
life cycle: ingestion of cysts from cat litter, animals, or food/water
specimen source for antibody (ab) - serum sample- serology; immunology test, done on children and adults
specimen source for active form: tachyzoites/ trophozoites, crescent shape 4-8 mcm (um) in length –CSF – Wright-Giemsa stain, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, amniotic fluid- Molecular/PCR techniques: done on immunocompromised, newborn; pregnant females- amniotic fluid
Pathology
- children, adults – Infectious mononucleosis like syndrome, child affected as a fetus will have problems listed below:stillborn, mental disabilities, blindness
- fetus - stillborn, mental disabilities, blindness
- immunocompromised – Central Nervous System disease
What parasite is this?
Iodomoeba butschlii
Sarcocystis spp.
Life cycle - two host life cycle
route of infection
- Contaminated meat – ingest sarcocyst and it goes to oocyst in our GI tract, we are adult host
- Contaminated food or water- ingest sporocyst and it goes to a sarcocyst in our tissue, we are intermediate host
Lab diagnosis
specimen source - stool sample
morphology – sporocyst – 9-16 micrometers, lab stain- modified acid fast stain,
Pathology – immunocompromised patient
fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain
what parasite is this
Balantidium coli
Entamoeba histolytica
Life cycle : fecal-oral route, contaminated water Body location: intestine Lab diagnosis: o+p exam, concentrate, permanent stains, ELISA, PCR, morphology ENGULFED RBC’s! Pathology: asymptomatic, dysentery, invasion leads to organ failure, death.
What parasite is this? and what stage?
Entamoeba (dispar, moshkovskii, bangladeshi, coli)
CYST
What parasite is this?
Giardia lambia
Blastocystis hominis
Life cycle(route of infection, body location); geography Lab diagnosis specimen source - stool sample ova and parasite exam: parasite morphology: cyst stage: central body, 2-4 nuclei, usually 5-15 mcm Count the number present/field Pathology - when present in large numbers in the absence of other parasites, bacteria or viruses, it may be the cause of diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, vomiting and abdominal pain and require therapy.
Microsporidia
Life cycle: inhalation or ingestion of spores
Diagnosis: electron microscopy, biopsy
Pathology: Severe diarrhea, weight loss, cachexia (immunocompromised)
What parasite is this? and what stage?
Entamoeba coli
CYST
What parasite is this?
Trichomonas vaginalis
What parasite is this?
Trichomonas hominis
Entamoeba dispar, E. moshkovskii, E. bangladeshi
Life Cycle: fecal-oral, contaminated water Lab diagnosis specimen source - stool sample ova and parasite exam -direct, concentrate, and permanent stain parasite morphology – same as Entamoeba histolytica, but no RBCs are ever found in trophozoites; differentiate by molecular techniques – eg. PCR Pathology - asymptomatic
Trichomonas hominis
Life cycle: ingestion of trophs in comtaminated water, fruit
Lab diagnosis
specimen source - stool sample
Lab test: ova and parasite permanent stain
morphology = no cyst stage
Pathology - considered nonpathogen,
Trichomonas vaginalis
Life cycle: infection via trophs in urogenital tract
specimen source - urine, vaginal swab
lab tests - wet prep, vaginal swab culture media – stain with Giemsa, molecular tests
Pathology
female - itching, burning
male - asymptomatic
Entamoeba hartmani
Life cycle (route of entry, body location); geography Lab diagnosis specimen source - stool sample Lab test: ova and parasite exam: permanent stain Nonpathogen/commensal morphology Looks like Entamoeba histolytica but smaller, differentiate by size Trophozoite size: 5-12 micrometers* (and no RBCs) Cyst size: 5-10 micrometers* Pathology - none (nonpathogen/commensal)
Endolimax nana
Life cycle (route of entry, body location); geography Lab diagnosis specimen source - stool sample Lab test: ova and parasite exam: permanent stain Nonpathogen/commensal morphology Looks like Entamoeba histolytica but smaller, differentiate by size Trophozoite size: 5-12 micrometers* (and no RBCs) Cyst size: 5-10 micrometers* Pathology - none (nonpathogen/commensal)
Balantidium coli
Life cycle, fecal-oral route, ww
Lab diagnosis
specimen source - stool sample
Lab test: ova and parasite permanent stain
Stain – Hematoxylin and Eosin may be better than trichrome or iron hematoxylin , or a wet prep
Pathology
asymptomatic, diarrhea, dysentery, abscesses, extraintestinal rare- bronchioalveolar lavage, urinary tract infection, vaginitis
Dientomoeba fragilis
Life cycle, route of infection,- possibly via helminth ova
Lab diagnosis
specimen source - stool sample
Lab test: ova and parasite permanent stain
parasite morphology – there is a cyst stage, but rare to find.
WBC changes-and unexplained eosinophilia, and Charcot-Leyden crystals, have been associated with it.
Pathology -Can be seen with diarrhea outbreaks in daycare centers.
Iodamoeba butschlii
Life cycle ( route of entry, body location); geography Lab diagnosis specimen source - stool sample ova and Parasite exam – permanent stain morphology Pathology- none (Nonpathogen/commensal)
Entamoeba coli
Life cycle: fecal-oral, contaminated water Lab Diagnosis specimen source - stool sample Lab test: ova and parasite exam: permanent stain morphology Pathology: asymptomatic
Naegleria fowleri
Life cycle, route of infection - contaminated water via nasal passages
Lab diagnosis
specimen source – Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
lab tests – CSF stained with Wright stain/ Wright-Giemsa stain, or a wet prep
Growth on media: requires living cells ( bacterial or cell culture); does not grow with > 0.4% NaCl
Pathology/Signs/Symptoms
A change in the sense of smell or taste Fever, Sudden, severe headache. Stiff neck. Sensitivity to light. Nausea and vomiting. Confusion. Loss of balance
Primary amoebic ( amebic) meningitis (PAM
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Life cycle: ingestion of sporulated oocyst in food/water
Lab diagnosis
specimen source - stool sample
morphology- wet mounts - nonrefractile spheres – 8-10 micrometers
trichrome - ghost cells, modified acid fast – variable stain, O and P not of much help
Pathology
self limiting - explosive, watery diarrhea
immunocompromised host - anorexia, fatigue
Acanthamoeba spp.
Life cycle eye infection via contact lenses
specimen source - corneal scrapings
CSF stains – similar to Naegleria testing, Tissue stains – Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Hematoxylin and Eosin, Calcofluor white
Growth on media: may grow without bacteria; not affected by 0.85% NaCl
morphology-
- trophozoites- 15-25 mcm(um), large karyosome
- cysts - double walled, hexagonal cyst, 9-27 micrometers (mcm or um)
Pathology - blindness, chronic form of meningioencephalitis ( granulomatous amebic meningitis (GAM)-immunocompromised
Plasmodium
