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Clinical Parasitology > Amoeba > Flashcards

Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoa came from the Latin words ____ and ____.

A

Proto and Zoa/Zoon

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2
Q

Proto means ____.

A

first

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3
Q

Zoa or Zoon means ____.

A

animals

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4
Q

____ are unicellular organisms that performs reproduction, digestion, respiration, excretion, etc.

A

Protozoa

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5
Q

Protozoans are ____ organisms.

A

unicellular

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6
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Protozoa

A
  • Ability to move at some stages in their life cycle
  • Absence of cell wall
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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

Protozoa is an example of a prokaryotic cell

A

False

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8
Q

Do protozoans have a true nucleus?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Composition of Protozoa

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
    * Endoplasm
    * Ectoplasm
  3. Structures for locomotion
  4. Plasma membrane
  5. Cytostome
  6. Chromotoidal bodies
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10
Q

The ____ of a protozoa is usually single, but may be double or multiple.

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

The nucleus of a protozoa can either be single, double or multiple.

A

True

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12
Q

The ____ of a protozoa contains one or more nucleoli or a central karyosome.

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

The nucleus of a protozoa contains one or more nucleoli or a ____.

A

central karyosome

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

The nucleoli of a protozoa is only one

A

False

It can be one or more

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15
Q

The ____ is a DNA containing body which is situated peripherally or centrally within the nucleus.

A

Karyosome

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16
Q

Which Part of the Cytoplasm?

Inner, granulated, and dense part

A

Endoplasm

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17
Q

Why is Endoplasm granulated?

A

Because it contains a number of structures in the cell

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18
Q

____ regulate osmotic pressure between the parasite and its environment.

A

Contractile vacuoles

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19
Q

Which Part of the Cytoplasm?

Outer, non-granulated, and watery part

A

Ectoplasm

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20
Q

Which Part of the Cytoplasm?

Homogenous and serves as an organ for motility and engulfment.

A

Ectoplasm

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21
Q

The ectoplasm serves as an organ for motility and engulfment by producing ____.

A

Pseudopodia

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22
Q

Which Part of the Cytoplasm?

Helps in respiration, discharging waste material and providing protective covering.

A

Ectoplasm

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23
Q

Structures for locomotion

A
  • Pseudopodia
  • Cilia
  • Flagella
  • Undulating membrane
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24
Q

Which Structure for Locomotion?

Fingerlike

A

Pseudopodia

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25
Q

Which Structure for Locomotion?

Tail-like

A

Flagella

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26
Q

Which Structure for Locomotion?

Hair-like

A

Cilia

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27
Q

The ____ of a protozoa controls secretions and excretions.

A

Plasma membrane

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28
Q

The ____ of a protozoa is referred to as the cell mouth.

A

Cytostome

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29
Q

The ____ of a protozoa serves as a storage for glycogen proteins.

A

Chromotoidal bodies

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30
Q

The chromotoidal bodies of a protozoa serves as a storage for ____.

A

glycogen proteins

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31
Q

Classification of Protozoan Parasites

A
  • Phylum Sarcomastigaphora
  • Phylum Ciliophora
  • Phylum Apicomplexa
  • Phylum Microscopora
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32
Q

Protozoans were classified into 4 groups according to their ____.

A
  • Structure
  • Organ for locomotion
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33
Q

Phylum Sarcomastigophora is further divided into subphylums ____.

A
  • Sarcodina
  • Mastigophora
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34
Q

Subphylum Sarcodina organ for locomotion ____.

A

Pseudopodia

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35
Q

____ are hyaline foot-like extrusions of the Ectoplasm, which are involved in locomotion and phagocytosis.

A

Pseudopodia

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36
Q

Subphylum Mastigophora organ for locomotion ____.

A

Flagella

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37
Q

Subphylum ____ are referred to as “Flagellates”.

A

Mastigophora

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38
Q

____ means “whip.”

A

Mastics

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39
Q

Subphylum Mastigophora is further divided into ____.

A
  • Atrial Flagellates
  • Hemoflagellates
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40
Q

Flagellates in the alimentary and urogenital tract are called ____.

A

Atrial Flagellates

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41
Q

Atrial flagellates are found in the ____.

A

Alimentary tract and Urogenital tract

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42
Q

Flagellates in the blood and tissue are called ____.

A

Hemoflagellates

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43
Q

Hemoflagellates are found in the ____.

A

blood and tissues

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44
Q

Subphylum Sarcodina

A
  • Acanthamoeba castellani
  • Endolimax nana
  • Entamoeba coli
  • Entamoeba dispar
  • Entamoeba gingivalis
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Iodamoeba butschlii
  • Naegleria fowleri
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45
Q

Subphylum Mastigphora: Atrial Flagellates

A
  • Chilomastix mesnili
  • Dientamoeba fragilis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Trichomonas hominis
  • Trichomonas tenax
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
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46
Q

Subphylum Mastigphora: Hemoflagellates

A
  • Leishmania braziliensis
  • Leishmania donovani
  • Leishmania tropica
  • Tryopanosoma brucei complex
  • Trypanosoma cruzi
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47
Q

Phylum Ciliophora organ for locomotion ____.

A

Cilia

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48
Q

Phylum Ciliophora

A

Balantidium coli

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49
Q

Which phylum is the most active?

A

Phylum Ciliophora

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50
Q

____ is commonly known to cause infection.

A

Balantidium coli

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51
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa

A
  • Babesia spp.
  • Cryptosporidium hominis
  • Cyclospora cayetanensis
  • Cystoisospora belli
  • Plasmodium spp.
  • Toxoplasma gondii
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52
Q

____ has spore-like bodies.

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

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53
Q

____ are seen as amoeboid form but they are not related to sarcodina.

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

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54
Q

Phylum Microspora

A
  • Enterocytozoon bieneusi
  • Encephalitozoon spp.
  • Vittaforma cornea
  • Trachipleistophora hominis
  • Pleistophora spp.
  • Anncaliia vesicularum
  • Microsporidium spp.
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55
Q

____ are spore-forming parasites.

A

Phylum Microspora

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56
Q

____ are opportunistic parasites.

A

Phylum Microspora

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57
Q

Two processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

A
  • Encystation
  • Excystation
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58
Q

2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

____ is a stage forming a cyst or becoming enclosed to a capsule.

A

Encystation

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59
Q

Encystation takes place in the ____.

A

rectum

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60
Q

2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

This stage happens when conditions are unfavorable

A

Encystation

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61
Q

2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

Takes place when feces are dehydrated or soon after the feces have been excreted

A

Encystation

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62
Q

2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

Trophozoite – cyst

A

Encystation

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63
Q

2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

Escape from cyst or envelope, which produces a trophozoite.

A

Excystation

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64
Q

Excystation takes place in the ____.

A

large intestine

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65
Q

2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

Takes place after the cyst has been ingested

A

Excystation

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66
Q

2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans

Cyst – trophozoite

A

Excystation

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67
Q

All Entamoeba are ____ except for E. histolytica.

A

commensal

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68
Q

All Entamoeba are commensal except for ____.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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69
Q

Amebae have a ____ life cycle.

A

simple

Forms: Trophozoite & Cyst

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70
Q

____ is the active, motile, feeding form of Amebae.

A

Trophozoite

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71
Q

____ is the resistant to environmental conditions, and infective form of Amebae.

A

Cyst

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72
Q

Amebae have ____ which are finger-like structures for movement.

A

Pseudopodium (false-feet)

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73
Q

“false-feet”

A

Pseudopodium

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74
Q

____ is formed by sudden jerky movement of the ectoplasm in one direction.

A

Pseudopodium

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75
Q

How are pseudopodia formed?

A

By the sudden jerky movements of the ectoplasm in one direction

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76
Q

Amebae undergo Encystation EXCEPT ____.

A
  • Entamoeba gingivalis
  • Dientamoeba fragilis
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77
Q

____ have only trophozoite form.

A
  • Entamoeba gingivalis
  • Dientamoeba fragilis
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78
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis and Dientamoeba fragilis only have ____ form.

A

Trophozoite

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79
Q

Amebae inhabit the large intestine EXCEPT ____.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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80
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis inhabits the ____.

A

gums

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81
Q

____ is the presence of amoeba in any part of the body.

A

Amebiasis

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82
Q

Which member of amoeba specifically causes Amebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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83
Q

Amebae multiplies through ____.

A

binary fission (asexual)

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84
Q

Amebiasis is the ____ most important parasitic disease.

A

3rd

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85
Q

Three Important Parasitic Diseases

A
  • Malaria
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Amebiasis
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86
Q

____ is the most invasive member of the Amebae family.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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87
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is the only member of the Amebae family that can cause ____.

A
  • Colitis
  • Liver abscess
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88
Q

Morphologic Forms of Entamoeba histolytica

A
  1. Trophozoite
  2. Pre-cyst
  3. Cyst
  4. Metacyst
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89
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Divides through binary fission, and capable of encystation.

A

Trophozoite

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90
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Colonizes the large intestine

A

Trophozoite

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91
Q

The trophozoite form of Entamoeba histolytica colonizes the ____.

A

large intestine

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92
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Vegetative and motile stage (feeding stage)

A

Trophozoite

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93
Q

Trophozoite are found in ____.

A

Fresh, watery, soft or semi-formed stool

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94
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Found in fresh watery, soft, or semi-formed stool

A

Trophozoite

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95
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

____ is a fragile form of Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Trophozoite

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96
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

____ has a uninucleate cyst.

A

Pre-cyst

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97
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

The pre-cyst form of Entamoeba histolytica is multinucleated.

A

False

Reason: It is uninucleated

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98
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

____ contains large glycogen vacuole and two chromatid bars, and secretes a highly retractile cyst wall around it.

A

Pre-cyst

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99
Q

Pre-cyst contains a ____.

A

large glycogen vacuole and two chromatid bars

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100
Q

Pre-cyst secretes a ____.

A

highly retractile cyst wall

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101
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

____ has a protective thick cell wall, and is capable of excystation.

A

Cyst

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102
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Non-motile, non-feeding stage

A

Cyst

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103
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Found in soft to formed stool

A

Cyst

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104
Q

Cyst is found in ____.

A

Soft to formed stool

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105
Q

Cyst is resistant in ____.

A

acidic pH

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106
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

____ is resistant to acidic pH.

A

Cyst

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107
Q

The cell wall of a cyst contains ____.

A

hyaline

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108
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

____ is a liberated quadrinucleate amoeba during excystation.

A

Metacyst

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109
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Infective stage

A

Metacyst

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110
Q

Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica

Matured form of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Metacyst

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111
Q

The infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica involes a ____.

A

mature quadrinucleated cyst passed in feces

112
Q

Entamoeba histolytica mode of transmission

A
  • Fecal-oral route
  • Ingestion of contaminated food or water
  • Contaminated equipment
  • Sexual transmission (venereal)
113
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica: Movement

A
  • Unidirectional
  • Progressive
114
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba coli: Movement

A
  • Sluggish
  • Non-progressive
  • Non-directional
115
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica: Shape of pseudopodia

A

Finger-like

116
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba coli: Shape of pseudopodia

A

Blunted

117
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica: Manner or release of pseudopodia

A

One at a time or Explosive

118
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba coli: Manner or release of pseudopodia

A

Several at a time

119
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica: Nucleus

A

Uninucleated (central karyosome)

120
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba coli: Nucleus

A

Uninucleated (eccentric karyosome)

121
Q

____ has a central karyosome.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

122
Q

____ has an eccentric karyosome.

A

Entamoeba coli

123
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica: Inclusions

A

RBCs

124
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba coli: Inclusions

A

Bacteria, yeast, debris

125
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica: Cytoplasm

A

Clean-looking

126
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba coli: Cytoplasm

A

Dirty-looking

127
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica: Size

A

Bigger

12-60 um

128
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite

Entamoeba coli: Size

A

Smaller

15-50 um

129
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba histolytica: No. of nuclei

A

Quadrinucleate

130
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba coli: No. of nuclei

A

More than 4

131
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba histolytica: Chromatoidal bar

A
  • Sausage-shaped
  • Rod-shaped
  • Cigar-shaped
132
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba coli: Chromatoidal bar

A
  • Broomstick
  • Splinter-like
133
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba histolytica: Nuclear membrane

A

Thin

134
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba coli: Nuclear membrane

A

Thick

135
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba histolytica: Size

A

Smaller

10-15 um

136
Q

Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst

Entamoeba coli: Size

A

Bigger

10-35 um

137
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Pathogenesis

Symptoms of Amoebic Colitis

A
  • Gradual onset of abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea (with or w/o blood, mucus)
  • In children: bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain
138
Q

____ is the most common extraintestinal form of amoebiasis.

A

Amoebic liver abscess

139
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Pathogenesis

Incubation period

A

4 days to 4 months

140
Q

Uncomfortable belly or growling abdomen is a symptom of ____.

A

Intestinal amebiasis

141
Q

A feature of intestinal amebiasis is the presence of ____.

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals

142
Q

____ are a product from metabolism of eosinophils, found microscopically in the stool in cases of amoebic dysentery.

A

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

143
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Onset

A

Gradual

144
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Onset

A

Acute

145
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Signs/Symptoms

A

No fever or vomiting

146
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Signs/Symptoms

A

Fever and vomiting

147
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Odor of feces

A

Offensive, fishy

148
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Odor of feces

A

Odorless

149
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Blood and mucus

A

(+)

150
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Blood and mucus

A

Watery and bloody

151
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: pH

A

Acidic

152
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: pH

A

Alkaline

153
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Pus cells/PMN/Neutrophils

A

Few

154
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Pus cells/PMN/Neutrophils

A

Numerous

155
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Cellular exudates

A

Scant

156
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Cellular exudates

A

Massive

157
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Pyknotic residue

A

Numerous

158
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Pyknotic residue

A

Few

159
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Charcot Leyden Crystals

A

Present

160
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Charcot Leyden Crystals

A

Absent

161
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Pathogenic amoeba

A

Present

162
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Pathogenic amoeba

A

Absent

163
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Bacteria

A

Few

164
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Bacteria

A

Numerous

165
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Amoebic: Macrophages

A

Absent

166
Q

Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery

Bacillary: Macrophages

A

Numerous

167
Q

Common associated diseases of Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • Intestinal amebiasis
  • Amebic colitis
  • Amebic dysentery
  • Extraintestinal amebiasis
  • Ulceration
168
Q

Entamoeba histolytica also causes ulceration which is characterized by a ____.

A

“flask-shaped” ulcer

169
Q

____ is a mass/tumor/carcinoma-like lesion seen in biopsies or colonoscopy.

A

Amoeboma

170
Q

Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal Lectin)
  • Amoeba ionophore
  • Cystein proteinase
171
Q

How is Gal Lectin virulent?

A

It is a receptor mediated adherence protein, which allows amoeba to adhere to the target cell.

172
Q

How is amoeba ionophore virulent?

A

It is responsible for cell lysis and tissue invasion

173
Q

How is cystein proteinase virulent?

A

It is a tissue invading factor

174
Q

____ is the most important virulence factor of Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Cystein proteinase

175
Q

Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica

Receptor mediated adherence of amoeba to target cells

A

Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal Lectin)

176
Q

Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica

Responsible for cell lysis and tissue invasion

A

Amoeba ionophore

177
Q

Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica

The most important virulence factor, and a tissue invading factor.

A

Cystein proteinase

178
Q

Trophozoite reach other parts of the body through the ____.

A

portal vein

179
Q

How does extraintestinal amebiasis occur?

A

When Entamoeba histolytica invades the other parts of the body aside from the intestine.

180
Q

____ is the most common extraintestinal form of amebiasis.

A

Amoebic liver abscess

181
Q

Entamoeba histolytica diagnostic stage

A

Identification of the cyst or trophozoite

182
Q

Sample of Entamoeba histolytica identification

A

Freshly collected stool specimen examined within 30 minutes of collection

183
Q

Why should stool samples of Entamoeba histolytica examined within 30 minutes?

A

Because if we are trying to identify its Trophozoite form, we should do it immediately as trophozoite is fragile.

184
Q

The life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica consists of two stages: ____.

A
  1. Infective cyst
  2. Invasive trophozoite
185
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • Direct Fecal Smear
  • Concentration Techniques
  • Culture
  • Serologic Testing
  • Molecular Testing
186
Q

Direct Fecal Smear

Which is used to visualize trophozoite motility?

A

Saline solution

187
Q

A saline solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.

A

visualize trophozoite motility

188
Q

Direct Fecal Smear

Which is used to differentiate Entamoeba spp. from WBCs?

A

Saline + Methylene blue

189
Q

A saline + methylene solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.

A

Differentiate Entamoeba spp. from WBCs

190
Q

When saline + methylene solution is used, Entamoeba spp. will stain ____.

A

blue

191
Q

Direct Fecal Smear

Which is used to observe the nucleus, and to differentiate Entamoeba histolytica from non-pathogenic amoeba?

A

Saline + Iodine

192
Q

A saline + iodine solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.

A
  • Observe the nucleus of E. histolytica
  • Differentiate E. histolytica from non-pathogenic amoeba
193
Q

Which method of laboratory diagnosis is used when light infection of E. histolytica is observed?

A

Concentration Techniques

194
Q

Why are concentration techniques used when there is a case of light infection of E. histolytica?

A

Because cyst and trophozoite may not be detected in direct fecal smear

195
Q

Concentration Techniques

A
  • Formalin Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique (FECT)
  • Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration (MIFC)
196
Q

____ is more sensitive than stool microscopy but not routinely available.

A

Robinson’s and Inoki Medium

197
Q

Cultures for Amoeba

A
  • Robinson’s and Inoki medium
  • Boeck and Drbohlav media
  • NIH Polygenic media
  • Craig’s medium
  • Nelson’s medium
198
Q

Serologic Testing

A
  • Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
  • Counter Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)
  • Agar Gel Diffusion (AGD)
  • Indirect Hemagglutination Test (IHAT)
  • Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT)
199
Q

____ is the gold standard for serologic testing.

A

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Testing (IFAT)

200
Q

Molecular Testing

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

201
Q

Treatment for amebiasis has two objective: ____.

A
  • Cure invasive disease
  • Eliminate passage of cyst from intestinal lumen
202
Q

____ is the drug of choice for the treatment of invasive amebiasis.

A

Metronidazole

203
Q

Other drugs of choice for invasive amebiasis

A
  • Tinidazole
  • Secnidazole
204
Q

____ is the drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers.

A

Diloxanide furoate

205
Q

____ is indicated for patients who do not respond to metronidazole and who need prompt symptomatic relief of severe pain.

A

Percutaneous drainage of liver abscess

206
Q

Entamoeba coli cysts

A
  • Larger than Entamoeba histolytica (10-35 um)
  • Consists of 8 nuclei with very diffuse karyosomes
  • May become hypernucleated with 16-32 nuclei
  • Needle-like chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends
207
Q

Cyst form of ____

____ consist of 8 nuclei with very diffused karyosomes.

A

Entamoeba coli

208
Q

Cyst form of Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli consist of ____ nuclei with very diffused karyosomes.

A

8

209
Q

Cyst form of ____

____ may become hypernucleated with 16-32 nuclei.

A

Entamoeba coli

210
Q

Cyst form of Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli may become hypernucleated with ____ nuclei.

A

16-32

211
Q

Cyst form of ____

____ may also contain needle-like chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends.

A

Entamoeba coli

212
Q

Cyst form of Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli may also contain ____ chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends.

A

needle-like

213
Q

Entamoeba coli trophozoites

A
  • Smaller than Entaemoeba histolytica (15-50 um)
  • One nucleus containing large, diffused karyosomes
  • Peripheral chromatin that is dense and irregular
  • Cytoplasm is rough and contains many debris
214
Q

Trophozoite form of ____

____ has one nucleus containing large, diffused karyosomes.

A

Entamoeba coli

215
Q

Trophozoite form of Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli has ____ containing large, diffused karyosomes.

A

one nucleus

216
Q

Trophozoite form of ____

____ has a peripheral chromatin that is usually dense and irregular.

A

Entamoeba coli

217
Q

Trophozoite form of Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli has a ____ that is usually dense and irregular.

A

peripheral chromatin

218
Q

Trophozoite form of Entamoeba coli

The ____ of Entamoeba coli is usually rough and contain many ingested debris.

A

Cytoplasm

219
Q

Trophozoite form of ____

The cytoplasm of ____ is usually rough and contain many ingested debris.

A

Entamoeba coli

220
Q

Entamoeba dispar

A
  • Morphologically similar to Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba moshkovskii
  • Different in DNA and RNA structure
  • Differentiated via PRC
  • Targets travelers, immigrants, homosexuals, HIV patients
221
Q

____ is morphologically similar to Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba moshkovskii.

A

Entamoeba dispar

222
Q

How is Entamoeba dispar differentiated from E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii?

A

By using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PRC)

222
Q

Entamoeba dispar is morphologically similar to ____.

A

Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba moshkovskii

223
Q

How is Entamoeba dispar different from E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii?

A

It has different DNA and RNA structure

224
Q

Who are targeted by Entamoeba dispar?

A
  • Travellers
  • Immigrants
  • Homosexuals
  • HIV patients
225
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni

A
  • Similar to Entamoeba histolytica, but smaller and has no RBC inclusions
  • “small-race E. histolytica”
226
Q

____ is similar to Entamoeba histolytica except much smaller and no RBC inclusions.

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

227
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni is similar to ____ except much smaller and no RBC inclusions.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

228
Q

How is Entamoeba hartmanni different from Entamoeba histolytica?

A

It is much smaller, and has no RBC inclusions

229
Q

____ is also known as “small-race E.histolytica”.

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

230
Q

Entamoeba polecki

A
  • Parasite of pigs and monkeys
  • Similar to Entamoeba chattoni (differentiated via isoenzyme analysis)
231
Q

____ is a parasite of pigs and monkeys.

A

Entamoeba polecki

232
Q

Entamoeba polecki is a parasite of ____ and ____.

A

pigs and monkeys

233
Q

____ is identical to Entamoeba polecki.

A

Entamoeba chattoni

234
Q

Entamoeba chattoni is identical to ____.

A

Entamoeba polecki

235
Q

____ is a parasite found in apes and monkeys.

A

Entamoeba chattoni

236
Q

Entamoeba chattoni is a parasite found in ____ and ____.

A

apes and monkeys

237
Q

How can is Entamoeba polecki differentiated from Entamoeba chattoni?

A

Through isoenzyme analysis

238
Q

Entamoeba chattoni

A
  • Parasite found in apes and monkeys
  • Identical to Entamoeba polecki (differentiated via Isoenzyme analysis
239
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis

A
  • Found in the mouth (gums and teeth surface)
  • Abundant in cases of oral diseases
  • No cyst stage, trophozoite form only
  • Not intestinal inhabitant
  • Transmission: kissing, droplet spray, sharing utensils
240
Q

____ is found in gum and teeth surfaces of the mouth.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

241
Q

____ is abundant in cases of oral diseases.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

242
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

Entamoeba gingivalis has both a cyst and trophozoite form.

A

False

Reason: It is not capable of encystation, therefore trophozoite only

243
Q

How is Entamoeba gingivalis transmitted?

A

Through kissing, droplet spray, and sharing utensils

244
Q

Entamoeba moshkovskii

A
  • Morphologically identical to E. histolytica and E. dispar, but different biochemically and genetically.
  • Sporadically causes human disease, but is a FREE LIVING AMOEBA.
  • Osmotolerant: can grow at room temp, and survive 0 - 41 C.
245
Q

____ sporadically causes human infection, but is considered to be a free-living amoeba.

A

Entamoeba moshkovskii

246
Q

____ is osmotolerant.

A

Entamoeba moshkovskii

247
Q

In what temperatures can Entamoeba moshkovskii survive?

A
  • Room temperature
  • 0 - 41 C
248
Q

____ is a physiologically unique amoeba.

A

Entamoeba moshkovskii

249
Q

____ is found in sewages.

A

Entamoeba moshkovskii

250
Q

Entamoeba moshkovskii is usually found in ____.

A

sewages

251
Q

____ is known as the “smallest amoeba”.

A

Endolimax nana

252
Q

Endolimax nana is known as the ____.

A

smallest amoeba

253
Q

____ has a “cross-eyed” cyst with 4 eccentric nuclei.

A

Endolimax nana

254
Q

Cyst description of Endolimax nana

A

Cross-eyed with 4 eccentric nuclei

255
Q

Endolimax nana motility

A
  • Sluggish
  • Random
256
Q

____ is characterized by its sluggish and random motility.

A

Endolimax nana

257
Q

Endolimax nana pseudopodia

A
  • Blunt
  • Hyaline
258
Q

____ is characterized by its blunt and hyaline pseudopodia.

A

Endolimax nana

259
Q

Endolimax nana cytoplasm

A

Contains food vacuoles with ingested bacteria

260
Q

____ has a cytoplasm containing food vacuoles with ingested bacteria.

A

Endolimax nana

261
Q

Endolimax nana karyosome

A
  • Blot-like
  • Large, central or eccentric
  • Irregular outline
262
Q

____ has a blot-like karyosome.

A

Endolimax nana

263
Q

Endolimax nana

A
  • Smallest amoeba
  • Cross-eyed cyst with 4 eccentric nuclei
  • Blot-like karyosome
264
Q

____ has an “iodine cyst” because of its glycogen affinity to iodine.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

265
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii has an affinity to ____.

A

Iodine

266
Q

____ has a large glycogen vacuole which stains deep brown with iodine.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

267
Q

____ is uninucleated, resembling a “basket of flowers” shape.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

268
Q

The nucleus of Iodamoeba butschlii resemble ____ shape.

A

basket of flowers

269
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii motility

A

Sluggishly progressive

270
Q

____ is characterized by a sluggishly progressive motility.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

271
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii pseudopodia

A

Hyaline

272
Q

____ is characterized by a hyaline pseudopodia.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

273
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii inclusions

A
  • Bacteria scattered
  • RBCs never ingested
274
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii karyosome

A
  • Large
  • Centrally-located
  • Irregularly rounded
  • Surrounded by a layer of small granules
275
Q

The cyst form of Iodamoeba butschlii can be concentrated with ____.

A
  • Zinc-sulfate floatation method
  • Formalin Ether Acetate Concentration Technique

Clinical Parasitology (3 decks)

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