Amoeba Flashcards
Protozoa came from the Latin words ____ and ____.
Proto and Zoa/Zoon
Proto means ____.
first
Zoa or Zoon means ____.
animals
____ are unicellular organisms that performs reproduction, digestion, respiration, excretion, etc.
Protozoa
Protozoans are ____ organisms.
unicellular
Distinguishing characteristics of Protozoa
- Ability to move at some stages in their life cycle
- Absence of cell wall
TRUE OR FALSE.
Protozoa is an example of a prokaryotic cell
False
Do protozoans have a true nucleus?
Yes
Composition of Protozoa
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
* Endoplasm
* Ectoplasm - Structures for locomotion
- Plasma membrane
- Cytostome
- Chromotoidal bodies
The ____ of a protozoa is usually single, but may be double or multiple.
Nucleus
TRUE OR FALSE.
The nucleus of a protozoa can either be single, double or multiple.
True
The ____ of a protozoa contains one or more nucleoli or a central karyosome.
Nucleus
The nucleus of a protozoa contains one or more nucleoli or a ____.
central karyosome
TRUE OR FALSE.
The nucleoli of a protozoa is only one
False
It can be one or more
The ____ is a DNA containing body which is situated peripherally or centrally within the nucleus.
Karyosome
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Inner, granulated, and dense part
Endoplasm
Why is Endoplasm granulated?
Because it contains a number of structures in the cell
____ regulate osmotic pressure between the parasite and its environment.
Contractile vacuoles
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Outer, non-granulated, and watery part
Ectoplasm
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Homogenous and serves as an organ for motility and engulfment.
Ectoplasm
The ectoplasm serves as an organ for motility and engulfment by producing ____.
Pseudopodia
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Helps in respiration, discharging waste material and providing protective covering.
Ectoplasm
Structures for locomotion
- Pseudopodia
- Cilia
- Flagella
- Undulating membrane
Which Structure for Locomotion?
Fingerlike
Pseudopodia
Which Structure for Locomotion?
Tail-like
Flagella
Which Structure for Locomotion?
Hair-like
Cilia
The ____ of a protozoa controls secretions and excretions.
Plasma membrane
The ____ of a protozoa is referred to as the cell mouth.
Cytostome
The ____ of a protozoa serves as a storage for glycogen proteins.
Chromotoidal bodies
The chromotoidal bodies of a protozoa serves as a storage for ____.
glycogen proteins
Classification of Protozoan Parasites
- Phylum Sarcomastigaphora
- Phylum Ciliophora
- Phylum Apicomplexa
- Phylum Microscopora
Protozoans were classified into 4 groups according to their ____.
- Structure
- Organ for locomotion
Phylum Sarcomastigophora is further divided into subphylums ____.
- Sarcodina
- Mastigophora
Subphylum Sarcodina organ for locomotion ____.
Pseudopodia
____ are hyaline foot-like extrusions of the Ectoplasm, which are involved in locomotion and phagocytosis.
Pseudopodia
Subphylum Mastigophora organ for locomotion ____.
Flagella
Subphylum ____ are referred to as “Flagellates”.
Mastigophora
____ means “whip.”
Mastics
Subphylum Mastigophora is further divided into ____.
- Atrial Flagellates
- Hemoflagellates
Flagellates in the alimentary and urogenital tract are called ____.
Atrial Flagellates
Atrial flagellates are found in the ____.
Alimentary tract and Urogenital tract
Flagellates in the blood and tissue are called ____.
Hemoflagellates
Hemoflagellates are found in the ____.
blood and tissues
Subphylum Sarcodina
- Acanthamoeba castellani
- Endolimax nana
- Entamoeba coli
- Entamoeba dispar
- Entamoeba gingivalis
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Iodamoeba butschlii
- Naegleria fowleri
Subphylum Mastigphora: Atrial Flagellates
- Chilomastix mesnili
- Dientamoeba fragilis
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas hominis
- Trichomonas tenax
- Trichomonas vaginalis
Subphylum Mastigphora: Hemoflagellates
- Leishmania braziliensis
- Leishmania donovani
- Leishmania tropica
- Tryopanosoma brucei complex
- Trypanosoma cruzi
Phylum Ciliophora organ for locomotion ____.
Cilia
Phylum Ciliophora
Balantidium coli
Which phylum is the most active?
Phylum Ciliophora
____ is commonly known to cause infection.
Balantidium coli
Phylum Apicomplexa
- Babesia spp.
- Cryptosporidium hominis
- Cyclospora cayetanensis
- Cystoisospora belli
- Plasmodium spp.
- Toxoplasma gondii
____ has spore-like bodies.
Phylum Apicomplexa
____ are seen as amoeboid form but they are not related to sarcodina.
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Microspora
- Enterocytozoon bieneusi
- Encephalitozoon spp.
- Vittaforma cornea
- Trachipleistophora hominis
- Pleistophora spp.
- Anncaliia vesicularum
- Microsporidium spp.
____ are spore-forming parasites.
Phylum Microspora
____ are opportunistic parasites.
Phylum Microspora
Two processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
- Encystation
- Excystation
2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
____ is a stage forming a cyst or becoming enclosed to a capsule.
Encystation
Encystation takes place in the ____.
rectum
2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
This stage happens when conditions are unfavorable
Encystation
2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
Takes place when feces are dehydrated or soon after the feces have been excreted
Encystation
2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
Trophozoite – cyst
Encystation
2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
Escape from cyst or envelope, which produces a trophozoite.
Excystation
Excystation takes place in the ____.
large intestine
2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
Takes place after the cyst has been ingested
Excystation
2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
Cyst – trophozoite
Excystation
All Entamoeba are ____ except for E. histolytica.
commensal
All Entamoeba are commensal except for ____.
Entamoeba histolytica
Amebae have a ____ life cycle.
simple
Forms: Trophozoite & Cyst
____ is the active, motile, feeding form of Amebae.
Trophozoite
____ is the resistant to environmental conditions, and infective form of Amebae.
Cyst
Amebae have ____ which are finger-like structures for movement.
Pseudopodium (false-feet)
“false-feet”
Pseudopodium
____ is formed by sudden jerky movement of the ectoplasm in one direction.
Pseudopodium
How are pseudopodia formed?
By the sudden jerky movements of the ectoplasm in one direction
Amebae undergo Encystation EXCEPT ____.
- Entamoeba gingivalis
- Dientamoeba fragilis
____ have only trophozoite form.
- Entamoeba gingivalis
- Dientamoeba fragilis
Entamoeba gingivalis and Dientamoeba fragilis only have ____ form.
Trophozoite
Amebae inhabit the large intestine EXCEPT ____.
Entamoeba gingivalis
Entamoeba gingivalis inhabits the ____.
gums
____ is the presence of amoeba in any part of the body.
Amebiasis
Which member of amoeba specifically causes Amebiasis?
Entamoeba histolytica
Amebae multiplies through ____.
binary fission (asexual)
Amebiasis is the ____ most important parasitic disease.
3rd
Three Important Parasitic Diseases
- Malaria
- Schistosomiasis
- Amebiasis
____ is the most invasive member of the Amebae family.
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica is the only member of the Amebae family that can cause ____.
- Colitis
- Liver abscess
Morphologic Forms of Entamoeba histolytica
- Trophozoite
- Pre-cyst
- Cyst
- Metacyst
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Divides through binary fission, and capable of encystation.
Trophozoite
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Colonizes the large intestine
Trophozoite
The trophozoite form of Entamoeba histolytica colonizes the ____.
large intestine
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Vegetative and motile stage (feeding stage)
Trophozoite
Trophozoite are found in ____.
Fresh, watery, soft or semi-formed stool
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Found in fresh watery, soft, or semi-formed stool
Trophozoite
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
____ is a fragile form of Entamoeba histolytica.
Trophozoite
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
____ has a uninucleate cyst.
Pre-cyst
TRUE OR FALSE.
The pre-cyst form of Entamoeba histolytica is multinucleated.
False
Reason: It is uninucleated
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
____ contains large glycogen vacuole and two chromatid bars, and secretes a highly retractile cyst wall around it.
Pre-cyst
Pre-cyst contains a ____.
large glycogen vacuole and two chromatid bars
Pre-cyst secretes a ____.
highly retractile cyst wall
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
____ has a protective thick cell wall, and is capable of excystation.
Cyst
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Non-motile, non-feeding stage
Cyst
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Found in soft to formed stool
Cyst
Cyst is found in ____.
Soft to formed stool
Cyst is resistant in ____.
acidic pH
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
____ is resistant to acidic pH.
Cyst
The cell wall of a cyst contains ____.
hyaline
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
____ is a liberated quadrinucleate amoeba during excystation.
Metacyst
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Infective stage
Metacyst
Morphologic Forms of E. histolytica
Matured form of Entamoeba histolytica
Metacyst
The infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica involes a ____.
mature quadrinucleated cyst passed in feces
Entamoeba histolytica mode of transmission
- Fecal-oral route
- Ingestion of contaminated food or water
- Contaminated equipment
- Sexual transmission (venereal)
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica: Movement
- Unidirectional
- Progressive
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba coli: Movement
- Sluggish
- Non-progressive
- Non-directional
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica: Shape of pseudopodia
Finger-like
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba coli: Shape of pseudopodia
Blunted
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica: Manner or release of pseudopodia
One at a time or Explosive
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba coli: Manner or release of pseudopodia
Several at a time
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica: Nucleus
Uninucleated (central karyosome)
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba coli: Nucleus
Uninucleated (eccentric karyosome)
____ has a central karyosome.
Entamoeba histolytica
____ has an eccentric karyosome.
Entamoeba coli
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica: Inclusions
RBCs
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba coli: Inclusions
Bacteria, yeast, debris
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica: Cytoplasm
Clean-looking
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba coli: Cytoplasm
Dirty-looking
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica: Size
Bigger
12-60 um
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Trophozoite
Entamoeba coli: Size
Smaller
15-50 um
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba histolytica: No. of nuclei
Quadrinucleate
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba coli: No. of nuclei
More than 4
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba histolytica: Chromatoidal bar
- Sausage-shaped
- Rod-shaped
- Cigar-shaped
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba coli: Chromatoidal bar
- Broomstick
- Splinter-like
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba histolytica: Nuclear membrane
Thin
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba coli: Nuclear membrane
Thick
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba histolytica: Size
Smaller
10-15 um
Differences of E. histolytica & E. coli in terms of Cyst
Entamoeba coli: Size
Bigger
10-35 um
Entamoeba histolytica Pathogenesis
Symptoms of Amoebic Colitis
- Gradual onset of abdominal pain
- Diarrhea (with or w/o blood, mucus)
- In children: bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain
____ is the most common extraintestinal form of amoebiasis.
Amoebic liver abscess
Entamoeba histolytica Pathogenesis
Incubation period
4 days to 4 months
Uncomfortable belly or growling abdomen is a symptom of ____.
Intestinal amebiasis
A feature of intestinal amebiasis is the presence of ____.
Charcot-Leyden crystals
____ are a product from metabolism of eosinophils, found microscopically in the stool in cases of amoebic dysentery.
Charcot-Leyden Crystals
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Onset
Gradual
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Onset
Acute
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Signs/Symptoms
No fever or vomiting
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Signs/Symptoms
Fever and vomiting
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Odor of feces
Offensive, fishy
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Odor of feces
Odorless
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Blood and mucus
(+)
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Blood and mucus
Watery and bloody
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: pH
Acidic
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: pH
Alkaline
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Pus cells/PMN/Neutrophils
Few
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Pus cells/PMN/Neutrophils
Numerous
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Cellular exudates
Scant
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Cellular exudates
Massive
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Pyknotic residue
Numerous
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Pyknotic residue
Few
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Charcot Leyden Crystals
Present
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Charcot Leyden Crystals
Absent
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Pathogenic amoeba
Present
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Pathogenic amoeba
Absent
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Bacteria
Few
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Bacteria
Numerous
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Amoebic: Macrophages
Absent
Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary: Macrophages
Numerous
Common associated diseases of Entamoeba histolytica
- Intestinal amebiasis
- Amebic colitis
- Amebic dysentery
- Extraintestinal amebiasis
- Ulceration
Entamoeba histolytica also causes ulceration which is characterized by a ____.
“flask-shaped” ulcer
____ is a mass/tumor/carcinoma-like lesion seen in biopsies or colonoscopy.
Amoeboma
Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica
- Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal Lectin)
- Amoeba ionophore
- Cystein proteinase
How is Gal Lectin virulent?
It is a receptor mediated adherence protein, which allows amoeba to adhere to the target cell.
How is amoeba ionophore virulent?
It is responsible for cell lysis and tissue invasion
How is cystein proteinase virulent?
It is a tissue invading factor
____ is the most important virulence factor of Entamoeba histolytica.
Cystein proteinase
Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica
Receptor mediated adherence of amoeba to target cells
Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal Lectin)
Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica
Responsible for cell lysis and tissue invasion
Amoeba ionophore
Virulence Factors of Entamoeba histolytica
The most important virulence factor, and a tissue invading factor.
Cystein proteinase
Trophozoite reach other parts of the body through the ____.
portal vein
How does extraintestinal amebiasis occur?
When Entamoeba histolytica invades the other parts of the body aside from the intestine.
____ is the most common extraintestinal form of amebiasis.
Amoebic liver abscess
Entamoeba histolytica diagnostic stage
Identification of the cyst or trophozoite
Sample of Entamoeba histolytica identification
Freshly collected stool specimen examined within 30 minutes of collection
Why should stool samples of Entamoeba histolytica examined within 30 minutes?
Because if we are trying to identify its Trophozoite form, we should do it immediately as trophozoite is fragile.
The life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica consists of two stages: ____.
- Infective cyst
- Invasive trophozoite
Laboratory Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica
- Direct Fecal Smear
- Concentration Techniques
- Culture
- Serologic Testing
- Molecular Testing
Direct Fecal Smear
Which is used to visualize trophozoite motility?
Saline solution
A saline solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.
visualize trophozoite motility
Direct Fecal Smear
Which is used to differentiate Entamoeba spp. from WBCs?
Saline + Methylene blue
A saline + methylene solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.
Differentiate Entamoeba spp. from WBCs
When saline + methylene solution is used, Entamoeba spp. will stain ____.
blue
Direct Fecal Smear
Which is used to observe the nucleus, and to differentiate Entamoeba histolytica from non-pathogenic amoeba?
Saline + Iodine
A saline + iodine solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.
- Observe the nucleus of E. histolytica
- Differentiate E. histolytica from non-pathogenic amoeba
Which method of laboratory diagnosis is used when light infection of E. histolytica is observed?
Concentration Techniques
Why are concentration techniques used when there is a case of light infection of E. histolytica?
Because cyst and trophozoite may not be detected in direct fecal smear
Concentration Techniques
- Formalin Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique (FECT)
- Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration (MIFC)
____ is more sensitive than stool microscopy but not routinely available.
Robinson’s and Inoki Medium
Cultures for Amoeba
- Robinson’s and Inoki medium
- Boeck and Drbohlav media
- NIH Polygenic media
- Craig’s medium
- Nelson’s medium
Serologic Testing
- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
- Counter Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)
- Agar Gel Diffusion (AGD)
- Indirect Hemagglutination Test (IHAT)
- Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT)
____ is the gold standard for serologic testing.
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Testing (IFAT)
Molecular Testing
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Treatment for amebiasis has two objective: ____.
- Cure invasive disease
- Eliminate passage of cyst from intestinal lumen
____ is the drug of choice for the treatment of invasive amebiasis.
Metronidazole
Other drugs of choice for invasive amebiasis
- Tinidazole
- Secnidazole
____ is the drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers.
Diloxanide furoate
____ is indicated for patients who do not respond to metronidazole and who need prompt symptomatic relief of severe pain.
Percutaneous drainage of liver abscess
Entamoeba coli cysts
- Larger than Entamoeba histolytica (10-35 um)
- Consists of 8 nuclei with very diffuse karyosomes
- May become hypernucleated with 16-32 nuclei
- Needle-like chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends
Cyst form of ____
____ consist of 8 nuclei with very diffused karyosomes.
Entamoeba coli
Cyst form of Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba coli consist of ____ nuclei with very diffused karyosomes.
8
Cyst form of ____
____ may become hypernucleated with 16-32 nuclei.
Entamoeba coli
Cyst form of Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba coli may become hypernucleated with ____ nuclei.
16-32
Cyst form of ____
____ may also contain needle-like chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends.
Entamoeba coli
Cyst form of Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba coli may also contain ____ chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends.
needle-like
Entamoeba coli trophozoites
- Smaller than Entaemoeba histolytica (15-50 um)
- One nucleus containing large, diffused karyosomes
- Peripheral chromatin that is dense and irregular
- Cytoplasm is rough and contains many debris
Trophozoite form of ____
____ has one nucleus containing large, diffused karyosomes.
Entamoeba coli
Trophozoite form of Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba coli has ____ containing large, diffused karyosomes.
one nucleus
Trophozoite form of ____
____ has a peripheral chromatin that is usually dense and irregular.
Entamoeba coli
Trophozoite form of Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba coli has a ____ that is usually dense and irregular.
peripheral chromatin
Trophozoite form of Entamoeba coli
The ____ of Entamoeba coli is usually rough and contain many ingested debris.
Cytoplasm
Trophozoite form of ____
The cytoplasm of ____ is usually rough and contain many ingested debris.
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba dispar
- Morphologically similar to Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba moshkovskii
- Different in DNA and RNA structure
- Differentiated via PRC
- Targets travelers, immigrants, homosexuals, HIV patients
____ is morphologically similar to Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba moshkovskii.
Entamoeba dispar
How is Entamoeba dispar differentiated from E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii?
By using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PRC)
Entamoeba dispar is morphologically similar to ____.
Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba moshkovskii
How is Entamoeba dispar different from E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii?
It has different DNA and RNA structure
Who are targeted by Entamoeba dispar?
- Travellers
- Immigrants
- Homosexuals
- HIV patients
Entamoeba hartmanni
- Similar to Entamoeba histolytica, but smaller and has no RBC inclusions
- “small-race E. histolytica”
____ is similar to Entamoeba histolytica except much smaller and no RBC inclusions.
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba hartmanni is similar to ____ except much smaller and no RBC inclusions.
Entamoeba histolytica
How is Entamoeba hartmanni different from Entamoeba histolytica?
It is much smaller, and has no RBC inclusions
____ is also known as “small-race E.histolytica”.
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba polecki
- Parasite of pigs and monkeys
- Similar to Entamoeba chattoni (differentiated via isoenzyme analysis)
____ is a parasite of pigs and monkeys.
Entamoeba polecki
Entamoeba polecki is a parasite of ____ and ____.
pigs and monkeys
____ is identical to Entamoeba polecki.
Entamoeba chattoni
Entamoeba chattoni is identical to ____.
Entamoeba polecki
____ is a parasite found in apes and monkeys.
Entamoeba chattoni
Entamoeba chattoni is a parasite found in ____ and ____.
apes and monkeys
How can is Entamoeba polecki differentiated from Entamoeba chattoni?
Through isoenzyme analysis
Entamoeba chattoni
- Parasite found in apes and monkeys
- Identical to Entamoeba polecki (differentiated via Isoenzyme analysis
Entamoeba gingivalis
- Found in the mouth (gums and teeth surface)
- Abundant in cases of oral diseases
- No cyst stage, trophozoite form only
- Not intestinal inhabitant
- Transmission: kissing, droplet spray, sharing utensils
____ is found in gum and teeth surfaces of the mouth.
Entamoeba gingivalis
____ is abundant in cases of oral diseases.
Entamoeba gingivalis
TRUE OR FALSE.
Entamoeba gingivalis has both a cyst and trophozoite form.
False
Reason: It is not capable of encystation, therefore trophozoite only
How is Entamoeba gingivalis transmitted?
Through kissing, droplet spray, and sharing utensils
Entamoeba moshkovskii
- Morphologically identical to E. histolytica and E. dispar, but different biochemically and genetically.
- Sporadically causes human disease, but is a FREE LIVING AMOEBA.
- Osmotolerant: can grow at room temp, and survive 0 - 41 C.
____ sporadically causes human infection, but is considered to be a free-living amoeba.
Entamoeba moshkovskii
____ is osmotolerant.
Entamoeba moshkovskii
In what temperatures can Entamoeba moshkovskii survive?
- Room temperature
- 0 - 41 C
____ is a physiologically unique amoeba.
Entamoeba moshkovskii
____ is found in sewages.
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Entamoeba moshkovskii is usually found in ____.
sewages
____ is known as the “smallest amoeba”.
Endolimax nana
Endolimax nana is known as the ____.
smallest amoeba
____ has a “cross-eyed” cyst with 4 eccentric nuclei.
Endolimax nana
Cyst description of Endolimax nana
Cross-eyed with 4 eccentric nuclei
Endolimax nana motility
- Sluggish
- Random
____ is characterized by its sluggish and random motility.
Endolimax nana
Endolimax nana pseudopodia
- Blunt
- Hyaline
____ is characterized by its blunt and hyaline pseudopodia.
Endolimax nana
Endolimax nana cytoplasm
Contains food vacuoles with ingested bacteria
____ has a cytoplasm containing food vacuoles with ingested bacteria.
Endolimax nana
Endolimax nana karyosome
- Blot-like
- Large, central or eccentric
- Irregular outline
____ has a blot-like karyosome.
Endolimax nana
Endolimax nana
- Smallest amoeba
- Cross-eyed cyst with 4 eccentric nuclei
- Blot-like karyosome
____ has an “iodine cyst” because of its glycogen affinity to iodine.
Iodamoeba butschlii
Iodamoeba butschlii has an affinity to ____.
Iodine
____ has a large glycogen vacuole which stains deep brown with iodine.
Iodamoeba butschlii
____ is uninucleated, resembling a “basket of flowers” shape.
Iodamoeba butschlii
The nucleus of Iodamoeba butschlii resemble ____ shape.
basket of flowers
Iodamoeba butschlii motility
Sluggishly progressive
____ is characterized by a sluggishly progressive motility.
Iodamoeba butschlii
Iodamoeba butschlii pseudopodia
Hyaline
____ is characterized by a hyaline pseudopodia.
Iodamoeba butschlii
Iodamoeba butschlii inclusions
- Bacteria scattered
- RBCs never ingested
Iodamoeba butschlii karyosome
- Large
- Centrally-located
- Irregularly rounded
- Surrounded by a layer of small granules
The cyst form of Iodamoeba butschlii can be concentrated with ____.
- Zinc-sulfate floatation method
- Formalin Ether Acetate Concentration Technique
