AMNIOTIC, SEROUS, SYNOVIAL, GASTRIC Flashcards
Synovial Fluid Volume
< 3.5 mL
Synovial Fluid Color
Colorless to pale yellow
Synovial Fluid Clarity
Clear
Synovial Fluid Viscosity
Able to form a string 4 to 6 cm long
Synovial Fluid Leukocyte count
< 200 cells/uL
Synovial Fluid Neutrophils
< 25% of the differential
Synovial Fluid Crystals
None present
Synovial Fluid Glucose:plasma difference
< 10 mg/dL lower than the blood glucose level
Synovial Fluid Total protein
<3 g/dL
Synovial Fluid Uric acid
Equal to blood concentration
Synovial Fluid Increased volume
Severe joint involvement
Synovial Fluid Yellow and cloudy
Inflammatory process
Synovial Fluid Milky (white/cloudy)
Crystals
Synovial Fluid Red, brown, or xanthochromic
Hemorrhage
Synovial Fluid Greenish
Bacterial infection
Forms shorter strings or run out of the syringe and down the side of the test tube like water
Synovial Fluid Poor/low viscosity (<3cm strings)
Gastric Fluid Appearance
Translucent, pale gray, and slightly viscous, no food, blood, drugs, or bile pigment
Synovial Fluid Poor/low viscosity (<3cm strings)
Arthritis; Indicates inflammation
Gastric Fluid Volume
50-75mL
Gastric Fluid Odor
faintly pungent
Gastric Fluid pH
1.6-1.9 (1.5-3.5)
Gastric Fluid Mucus
separates in 3 layers on standing
mucus, opalescent fluid, sediments
Gastric Fluid Yellow to green
bile
Gastric Fluid Red
trauma during collection
Gastric Fluid Coffee ground/brownish-red
old blood; gastric bleeding
Gastric Fluid Fasting state
20 to 50 ml
Gastric Fluid After a test meal
20 to 80 ml
Gastric Fluid After chemical stimulation
45 to 150 ml (alcohol/histamine)
contained in the pericardium enclosing the
heart
contained in pleural cavity enclosing the
lungs
contained in the peritoneum enclosing the
abdominal organs
Pericardial Fluid NV:
<10mL
Pleural Fluid NV:
10 to 50 mL
Peritoneal Fluid NV:
≤ 100 mL
Pericardial Fluid Normal:
clear, pale yellow
Pericardial Fluid: Blood-streaked
infection, malignancy
Pericardial Fluid Grossly bloody:
accidental cardiac puncture, anticoagulant medications
Pericardial Fluid Milky:
chylous and pseudochylous sample
Pleural Fluid Normal:
clear or pale yellow
Pleural Fluid Turbid:
presence of WBCs (infection)
Pleural Fluid Viscous:
malignant mesothelioma (↑ hyaluronic acid; type of cancer that develops in the lining that covers the outer surface of some organs)
Pleural Fluid Milky:
chylous or pseudochylous effusions
Pleural Fluid Bloody:
malignancy, hemothorax
Pleural Fluid Brown:
amoebic liver abscess rupture
Pleural Fluid Black:
Aspergillosis
Peritoneal Fluid Normal:
Clear, pale yellow
Peritoneal Fluid Turbid:
Microbial infection
Peritoneal Fluid Green:
Bile, gallbladder, pancreatic disorders
Peritoneal Fluid Blood-streaked:
Trauma, infection, or malignancy
Peritoneal Fluid Milky:
Blood trauma injury (<100,000 RBC/mL)
From thoracic duct leakage
Chylous Effusion
Chronic inflammatory conditions
Pseudochylous Effusion
Extractable in ETHER
Chylous Effusion
NOT Extractable in ETHER
NOT Extractable in ETHER
Stained by Sudan III
Chylous Effusion
Stained by Sudan III
Stained by Sudan III
(-) Cholesterol crystals
Chylous Effusion
(+) Cholesterol crystals
(+) Cholesterol crystals
Predominant Lymphocytes
Chylous Effusion
Mixed Cells
Mixed Cells
> 110 mg/dL TAG
Chylous Effusion
< 50 mg/dL TAG
< 50 mg/dL TAG
Milky white
Chylous Effusion
Milky green
Milky green
– fluid accumulation between peritoneal membranes
Ascites
: Sensitive for the detection of intra-abdominal bleeding in blunt trauma cases
Peritoneal lavage
Peritoneal lavage RBC count
> 100,000/uL
Serum:Ascites Albumin gradient (SAAG)
: transudate
: exudate
≥ 1.1
< 1.1
Pericardial Fluid Increased Neutrophils
Bacterial endocarditis
Pericardial Fluid Malignant Cells
Metastatic carcinoma
Pericardial Fluid CEA
Metastatic carcinoma
