AML Flashcards
What is the most common type of leukemia in adults?
A) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B) Chronic myeloid leukemia
C) Acute myeloid leukemia
D) Hairy cell leukemia
C) Acute Myeloid leukemia
The WHO classification of AML is based on:
A) Morphology and cytochemistry
B) Cytogenetics and molecular characterization
C) Age of the patient
D) The presence of Auer rods
B
Which of the following stains is positive in AML?
A) PAS
B) MPO
C) ANAE
D) FVIII
Answer: B) MPO
What is a common presenting sign of AML?
A) Jaundice
B) Pallor
C) Polycythemia
D) Weight gain
Answer: B) Pallor
Tumor lysis syndrome in AML is characterized by:
A) Hypouricemia
B) Hypophosphatemia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypercalcemia
Answer: C) Hyperkalemia
Which genetic abnormality is associated with a favorable prognosis in AML?
A) t(9;11)
B) t(8;21)
C) Complex karyotype
D) del(7q)
B
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is treated with:
A) Hydroxyurea
B) Vincristine
C) ATRA and arsenic trioxide
D) Methotrexate
C
APL is associated with which characteristic cell type?
A) Smudge cells
B) Faggot cells
C) Reed-Sternberg cells
D) Plasma cells
Answer: B) Faggot cells
Which mutation is commonly found in AML with monocytic features?
A) RUNX1
B) NPM1
C) BCR-ABL
D) JAK2
Answer: B) NPM1
AML with minimal differentiation (M0) is negative for:
A) MPO
B) SBB
C) Both MPO and SBB
D) PAS
Answer: C) Both MPO and SBB
Which translocation is found in APL?
A) t(9;22)
B) t(15;17)
C) t(8;14)
D) t(11;14)
Answer: B) t(15;17)
Which AML subtype has the worst prognosis?
A) AML with NPM1 mutation
B) AML with biallelic CEBPA mutation
C) AML with RUNX1 mutation
D) AML with t(8;21)
Answer: C) AML with RUNX1 mutation
AML with myelodysplasia-related changes primarily affects:
A) Children
B) Young adults
C) Older adults
D) Infants
Answer: C) Older adults
Therapy-related AML is associated with prior treatment using:
A) Antidepressants
B) NSAIDs
C) Alkylating agents
D) Beta-blockers
Answer: C) Alkylating agents
AML with maturation (M2) has what percentage of blasts?
A) <10%
B) >20%
C) 50-60%
D) 70-80%
Answer: B) >20%
AML with monocytic differentiation is known as:
A) M2
B) M3
C) M4
D) M5
Answer: D) M5
Pure erythroid leukemia (M6) is characterized by:
A) >50% neutrophils
B) >80% erythroid precursors
C) >30% monoblasts
D) >20% megakaryoblasts
B
Which AML subtype is associated with Down syndrome?
A) M0
B) M3
C) M7
D) M4
Answer: C) M7
Sudan Black B (SBB) stains which cell component?
A) DNA
B) RNA
C) Lipids
D) Proteins
Answer: C) Lipids
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) stain is positive in:
A) Lymphocytes
B) Granulocytes
C) Erythrocytes
D) Megakaryocytes
Answer: B) Granulocytes
AML with t(9;11) is associated with:
A) Neutrophilic differentiation
B) Increased monoblasts
C) Increased eosinophils
D) Increased megakaryocytes
Answer: B) Increased monoblasts
Which is a diagnostic criterion for AML?
A) <5% blasts in bone marrow
B) >20% blasts in bone marrow
C) >30% eosinophils
D) <10% myeloid precursors
Answer: B) >20% blasts in bone marrow
AML with t(8;21) has a better prognosis due to:
A) High white blood cell count
B) Favorable genetic abnormality
C) High number of monocytes
D) Presence of Auer rods
B
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms account for:
A) <1% of AML cases
B) 5-10% of AML cases
C) 10-20% of AML cases
D) >50% of AML cases
Answer: C) 10-20% of AML cases
Myeloid sarcoma primarily affects:
A) Bone marrow
B) Skin and GI tract
C) Lymph nodes only
D) CNS exclusively
Answer: B) Skin and GI tract
Which AML subtype has a higher incidence in children?
A) M3
B) M4
C) t(9;11) AML
D) M7
Answer: C) t(9;11) AML
AML with gingival infiltration is most commonly:
A) M1
B) M2
C) M5
D) M7
Answer: C) M5
AML with inv(16) has a high relapse rate in the:
A) Bone marrow
B) Lymph nodes
C) CNS
D) Spleen
Answer: C) CNS
AML without maturation (M1) typically has:
A) >90% blasts in the bone marrow
B) >10% mature neutrophils
C) Predominance of erythroid precursors
D) Presence of megakaryocytes
Answer: A) >90% blasts in the bone marrow
AML with maturation (M2) is distinguished by:
A) Blasts >50% of bone marrow cells
B) Presence of at least 10% maturing neutrophils
C) Absence of Auer rods
D) More than 80% monoblasts
Answer: B) Presence of at least 10% maturing neutrophils
Which AML subtype is associated with t(15;17)?
A) AML M2
B) AML M3
C) AML M5
D) AML M6
B
AML M3 is often complicated by:
A) Hypercalcemia
B) Hemophagocytic syndrome
C) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
D) CNS infiltration
C
Which cytogenetic abnormality is most commonly associated with AML M6?
A) t(8;21)
B) t(15;17)
C) Chromosome 5 and 7 abnormalities
D) JAK2 mutation
C
Which marker is most specific for AML M7?
A) CD14
B) CD33
C) CD41 and CD61
D) CD34
Answer: C) CD41 and CD61
Which AML subtype is associated with high factor VIII staining?
A) M3
B) M4
C) M6
D) M7
Answer: D) M7
