Acute Leukemia Flashcards
What does the term “leukemia” mean in Greek?
A) Blood cancer
B) White blood
C) Bone marrow disease
D) Lymph node disorder
B) White Blood
What are the two main types of acute leukemia?
A) Lymphoblastic and Myeloblastic
B) Myeloma and Lymphoma
C) Chronic and Acute
D) Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s
Answer: A) Lymphoblastic and Myeloblastic
Which type of acute leukemia is most common in children?
A) AML
B) CML
C) ALL
D) CLL
C) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
What is the peak incidence age for ALL in children?
A) Birth to 2 years
B) 2 to 5 years
C) 6 to 12 years
D) 13 to 18 years
B) 2-5 yrs. old
What is the complete remission rate of adult ALL patients?
A) 40-50%
B) 60-70%
C) 80-90%
D) 95-100%
C) 80-90%
Which symptom is more common in B-ALL than T-ALL?
A) Mediastinal mass
B) Mucocutaneous bleeding
C) Thrombocytopenia
D) Organomegaly
Answer: B) Mucocutaneous bleeding
What is the characteristic feature of T-ALL presentation?
A) Splenomegaly
B) Large mediastinal mass
C) Jaundice
D) Kidney failure
B) Large mediastinal mass
What is the most common genetic abnormality in T-ALL?
A) BCR-ABL1 mutation
B) NOTCH1 mutation
C) Hyperdiploidy
D) RUNX1 translocation
B) NOTCH1 MUTATION
Which translocation is associated with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL?
A) t(12;21)
B) t(9;22)
C) t(15;17)
D) t(8;14)
Answer: B) t(9;22)
What is the prognosis for Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL?
A) Excellent
B) Poor
C) Moderate
D) No impact
Answer: B) Poor
What does “Hyperdiploidy” in B-ALL mean?
A) Loss of chromosomes
B) Extra chromosomes
C) Gene deletion
D) Normal chromosome count
B) Extra chromosomes
Which leukemia subtype is more common in infants and may occur in utero?
A) B-ALL with t(12;21)
B) B-ALL with KMT2A(MLL) rearrangement
C) T-ALL with NOTCH1 mutation
D) AML with PML-RARA translocation
Answer: B) B-ALL with KMT2A(MLL) rearrangement
Which subtype of ALL has the best prognosis in children?
A) B-ALL with t(12;21)
B) T-ALL with NOTCH1 mutation
C) Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL
D) AML with FLT3 mutation
Answer: A) B-ALL with t(12;21)
What is the primary method used to distinguish ALL from AML?
A) Morphology
B) Immunophenotyping
C) Genetic analysis
D) Blood smear
B) Immunophenotyping
What cell surface markers are found in T-ALL?
A) CD19, CD22
B) CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8
C) CD10, CD34
D) CD5, CD23
Answer: B) CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8
What is a defining feature of Early T-cell Precursor ALL (ETP-ALL)?
A:
A) CD19 expression
B) Myeloid marker expression
C) Hyperdiploidy
D) Presence of Auer rods
Answer: B) Myeloid marker expression
What genetic abnormality is rare in adult ALL but common in childhood ALL?
A) t(12;21)
B) t(9;22)
C) NOTCH1 mutation
D) FLT3 mutation
Answer: A) t(12;21)
What is the function of TdT (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase) in diagnosing ALL?
A) Differentiates B and T cells
B) Identifies mature granulocytes
C) Confirms lymphoid origin
D) Detects plasma cells
Answer: C) Confirms lymphoid origin
Which feature is more common in AML than ALL?
A) Lymphoblasts
B) Auer rods
C) Mediastinal mass
D) BCR-ABL1 mutation
B) Auer rods
What symptom is more common in B-ALL than in T-ALL?
A) Mediastinal mass
B) Mucocutaneous bleeding
C) Organomegaly
D) Thrombocytopenia
Answer: B) Mucocutaneous bleeding
What is the most common morphology of lymphoblasts in ALL?
A) Small lymphoblasts
B) Large lymphoblasts
C) Mixed small and large
D) Auer rod-positive
C) Mixed small and large
Which ALL subtype is characterized by CD10 positivity?
A) Early B-ALL
B) Intermediate (Common) B-ALL
C) Pre-B-ALL
D) T-ALL
Answer: B) Intermediate (Common) B-ALL
Which cytogenetic finding is associated with poor prognosis in ALL?
A) Hyperdiploidy
B) t(9;22)
C) t(12;21)
D) Normal karyotype
Answer: B) t(9;22)
The majority of childhood B-ALL cases show which translocation?
A:
A) t(12;21)
B) t(9;22)
C) t(8;14)
D) t(15;17)
A) t(12;21)
