Amino Acids/Proteins

Question 1

What are the hydrophobic Amino Acids?

Answer 1

She is a VIP GAL Trypin on F-in MethValine, Isoleusine, Proline, Glycine, Alanine, Leucine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Methionine

Question 2

Aromatic AA

Answer 2

Try Trippin with PhenytoinTyrosine, Tryptophan and phenylalanine

Question 3

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 3

Pvt Tim HallPhenylalanine, Valine, ThreonineTryptophan, Isoleucine, MethionineHistidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine

Question 4

Have OH groups

Answer 4

Three sisters yelpedThreonine, Serine, Tyrosine

Question 5

BCAA

Answer 5

Leucine, Isoleucine, and valine

Question 6

Negatively charged and acidic

Answer 6

Why so negative mate? assholeGlutamate and aspartate

Question 7

Positively charged and Basic

Answer 7

Basic bitch Shallow HALHistidine, Arginine, Lysine

Question 8

Amino acids function as precursors for what important molecules?

Answer 8

Acetyl-CoA is produced from pyruvate which can be generated from AA
TCA cycle intermediates
Precursors of nitrogen-containing molecules
Hormones, insulin and glucagon

Question 9

AA are made up of:

Answer 9

Central-carbon
hydrogen
Amino group
R-group or side chain

Question 10

At pH lower than 2.8, what amino acid form predominates?

Answer 10

fully protonated

Question 11

In humans, most amino acids are in the __-form except ______.

Answer 11

L-form

D-serine

Question 12

What equation do amino acids obey?

Answer 12

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Question 13

What are zwitterions

Answer 13

Amino acids posses positive and negative charges at neutral pH

Question 14

pH at which the charge is “zero” is called what?

Answer 14

isoelectric point

*migrate towards positive charge and stop when it is neutral

Question 15

What are non-proteinogenic amino acids?

Answer 15

non-coded or unnatural amino acids

Question 16

What are biogenic amino acids

Answer 16

naturally occuring, biologically active amines

*norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin

Question 17

Describe the fuel supply, structural support and activity amino acids provide

Answer 17

Fuel supply: TCA cycle->ATP production
Structural support: elastin, keratin, collagen
Activity: Enzymes, cell signaling, motion

Question 18

What are the bonds found in tertiary structure?

Answer 18

Hydrophobic, disulfide bonds, metal ions (cofactors), hydrogen bonding

Question 19

What are the bonds found in Quaternary structure?

Answer 19

held together by hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions and Van der Waals forces

Question 20

Overall charge at a particular pH is directly related to its AA composition. The net electrical charge of a protein is determined by a combination of charges on its component AA at a given pH. The isoelectric point (pl) of a protein is defined as the pH at which the protein has no net charge. A protein carries a net positive charge at what pH values?

Answer 20

below its pl and negative charge at values above its pl.

**The property of protein charge can be used to separate the proteins in a complex mixture using an electrical field. Example: gel electrophoresis

Question 21

Oxidation of the -SH group of cysteine residues in the lumen of the RER creates ________ bonds, usually in secreted proteins. The oxidizing environment necessary for the formation of disulfide bonds, however, does not exist within the cytoplasm due to high concentration of the ________.

Answer 21

covalent disulfide

antioxidant glutathione

Question 22

______, which is a major protein in hair, has a high cysteine content and tends to form disulfide bonds, manipulation such bonds is key to curing or straightening in hairstyles

Answer 22

Keratin