Amino Acids (General)

Question 1

Name the 6 aliphatic amino acids (name & 3-letter)

Answer 1

Glycine = Gly
Alanine = Ala
Proline = Pro (cyclic)
Valine = Val
Leucine = Leu
Isoleucine = Ile

Question 2

Name the 3 aromatic amino acids (name & 3-letter)

Answer 2

Tyrosine = Tyr
Phenylalanine = Phe
Tryptophan = Trp

Question 3

What does aliphatic mean?

Answer 3

Non-polar

Question 4

Name the 4 uncharged polar amino acids (name & 3-letter)

Answer 4

Asparagine = Asn
Glutamine = Gln
Serine = Ser
Threonine = Thr

Question 5

Name the 3 sulfur-containing amino acids

Answer 5

Methionine = Met
Cysteine = Cys

Question 6

Name the 5 charged amino acids?

Answer 6

Aspartate = Asp
Glutamate = Glu
Arginine = Arg
Lysine = Lys
Histidine = His

Question 7

What is the only secondary amino acid?

Answer 7

Proline

Question 8

What are L- and D- amino acids called relative to each other?

Answer 8

Stereoisomers, chiral

Question 9

How are amino acids classified?

Answer 9

Charge, Size, Hydrophobicity/Polarity

Question 10

What process is used for signaling purposes?

Answer 10

Phosphorylation

Question 11

By what are proteins encoded?

Answer 11

Genes

Question 12

How does a peptide bond influence the structure of a protein?

Answer 12

A resonance structure forms, creating partial double bonds, causing the molecules of the protein to lie in a single plain.

Question 13

Where does rotation occur in a protein molecule?

Answer 13

Around the alpha carbon via angles phi and psi

Question 14

Where are phi and psi located?

Answer 14

Adjacent to amine group and carbonyl group, respectively

Question 15

Talk about the favorability of phi and psi?

Answer 15

Trans is more favorable than cis

Question 16

What is a zwitter ion?

Answer 16

Neutral molecule that has a + and - charge

Question 17

What is dissociation?

Answer 17

Loss of a proton during titration

Question 18

Define Ka

Answer 18

Quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. Quotient of concentration of acid-base in solution.

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

Question 19

Difference between pH and pKa

Answer 19

pH: Concentration of H+ ions in solution
pKa: How much an acid wants to dissociate in a solution

Question 20

When does pH = pKa

Answer 20

[A-]/[HA] = 1, log(1) = 0

Question 21

Write out Henderson-Hasselbach

Answer 21

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

Question 22

How many amino acids are primary amino acids?

Answer 22

19/20

Question 23

Which one is a secondary amino acid?

Answer 23

Proline

Question 24

How many amino acids are alpha amino acids? What does alpha mean?

Answer 24

20/20; alpha describes the carbon on which the amine group and the COOH group is attached

Question 25

When does chirality occur?

Answer 25

When a carbon has four different groups coming off of it.

Question 26

What kind of configuration do amino acids have in the body?

Answer 26

L-configuration

Question 27

How are amino acids linked?

Answer 27

Peptide bonds: Amide linkage + H2O

Question 28

What is Ka?

Answer 28

Dissociation constant: | Ka = ([H+][A-])/[HA]

Question 29

Does a stronger acid dissociate more or less than a weaker acid? Describe this using an equilibrium equation.

Answer 29

Dissociates more. | Equilibrium equation shifts more to the right

Question 30

Define pKa mathematically

Answer 30

pKa = log(1/Ka)

Question 31

What is a cause that results in more than 20 amino acids (more like 100s) in the body?

Answer 31

Modifications (phosphorylation, methylation, glycosylation, etc.)

Question 32

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 32

Oxygen transport protein

Question 33

What are the different chains of hemoglobin?

Answer 33

alpha, beta, gamma, zeta

Question 34

What does myoglobin do?

Answer 34

Protein that stores O2

Question 35

What defines functions of proteins?

Answer 35

amino acids

Question 36

Draw/describe what happens during a peptide bond

Answer 36

Carboxyl O- and H2 from NH3+ condense and NH forms amide bond with carboxyl carbon

Question 37

Write Henderson-Hasselbach for bicarbonate system

Answer 37

pH = 6.1 + log([HCO3-]/(0.03*pCO2))

Question 38

What does the bicarbonate system do?

Answer 38

Acts as the buffer system as lungs dispose of CO2. Can work along with phosphate buffer

Question 39

What is the average molecular weight of an amino acid? What would be the MW of an AA that is 10 AA long?

Answer 39

110 g/mol; 1100 g/mol