Amino Acids and Mutation Flashcards
How many possible codons code for amino acids?
64 possible codons code for 20 amino acids
T or F: most amino acids can be encoded by more than one codon
true
Ala; A
alanine
Cys; C
cysteine
Asp; D
aspartic acid
Glu; E
glutamic acid
Phe; F
phenylalanine
Gly; G
glycine
His; H
histidine
IIe; I
isoleucine
Lys; K
lysine
Leu; L
leucine
Met; M
methionine
Asn; N
asparagine
Pro; P
proline
Gln; Q
glutamine
Arg; R
arginine
Ser; S
serine
Thr: T
threonine
Val; V
valine
Trp; W
tryptophan
Tyr; Y
tyrosine
What are the start codons?
AUG; methionine
What are the end codons?
UAA, UAG, UGA
What causes mutations?
caused by small or large changes in the gene such as point mutations (small) and insertions, rearrangement, and deletions (range in size from small to very large)
What can mutation alter?
- the sequence and structure of protein
- the regulatory regions of a gene and change expression
What are mutations that eliminate the function of a gene?
- null
- loss-of-function mutations
T or F: most mutations are conservative
true
What is the most common mutation?
point mutation
T or F: point mutations will always lead to changes in proteins
false
What are mutations?
heritable changes in DNA sequence
What are the types of point mutations?
- missense mutations
- nonsense mutations
- silent mutations
What are missense mutations?
alter the encoded amino acid (may cause trouble)
What are nonsense mutations?
introduce a premature stop codon (usually bad)
What are silent mutations?
do not change the amino acid sequence (no effect)
