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CC LEC > AMINO ACIDS > Flashcards

AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Found at the catalytic (active) site in proteins and
enzymes due to its amine-containing side chain

SEMI- ESSENTIAL

ONLY REQUIRED FOR YOUNG INDIVIDUALS

A

ARGININE

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2
Q

cell division
wound healing
stimulation of protein synthesis
immune function
release of hormones
required in the generation of urea
required in the synthesis of creatine which degrades to creatinine

A

ARG

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3
Q

C6H9N3O2

A

HIS

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4
Q

Needed to help grow and repair body tissues and to
maintain the myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells

A

HIS

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5
Q

Manufacturing of RBCs and WBCs

A

HIS

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6
Q

Myelin Sheath
Precursor for Hormones
Synthesis of Blood Cells
Protection vs heavy metals
DNA and RNA Synthesis

A

HIS

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7
Q

Protecting the body from heavy metal toxicity

A

HIS

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8
Q

Important source of carbon atoms in the synthesis of purines for DNA and RNA synthesis

A

HIS

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9
Q

Direct precursor of Histamine – stimulates the
secretion of the digestive enzyme gastrin

A

HIS

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10
Q

branched amino acids

A

LEUCINE
ISOLEUCINE
VALINE

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11
Q

treatment of muscle, mental, and
emotional problems such as insomnia and anxiety, as well as liver and gallbladder disease

A

VALINE

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12
Q

Most common and necessary for infant growth and
nitrogen balance in adults.

A

LEUCINE

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13
Q

Important in Hgb formation, regulate blood glucose
and maintain energy levels.

A

ISOLEUCINE

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14
Q

C6H14N2O2

A

LYSINE

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15
Q

A basic amino acid
Has a net positive charge, which make it one of the
three basic amino acids

A

LYSINE

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16
Q

Production of Igs
○ Calcium Control
○ Collagen Formation
○ Cartilage and CT Component

A

LYSINE

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17
Q

Production of antibodies
● Lowering triglyceride levels

A

LYSINE

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18
Q

Needed for proper growth and bone development in
children
● Maintains nitrogen balance in adults
● Absorption and conservation of Ca+
● Formation of collagen, a component of cartilage and connective tissue

A

LYSINE

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19
Q

C5H11NO2S

A

METHIONINE

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20
Q

Initiate translation of messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

MET

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21
Q

First amino acid incorporated into the N-terminal
position of all proteins

A

MET

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22
Q

Source of sulfur required by the body for normal
metabolism and growth

A

MET

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23
Q

Translation of mRNA
○ Cellular Antioxidant
○ Source of Sulfur
○ Breakdown of fats
○ Absorption of Se and Zn

A

MET

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24
Q

Assisting breakdown of fats
● Detoxifying lead and other heavy metals

A

MET

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25
Q

Diminishing muscle weakness and prevents brittle hair
● Reacting with ATP in the synthesis of many important substances, including epinephrine and choline.

A

MET

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26
Q

C9H11NO2

A

PHENYL

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27
Q

Non-polar amino acid

Direct metabolic precursor of tyrosine and deficiency
of phenylalanine will also result in a deficiency of
tyrosine

A

PHE

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28
Q

Promoting alertness and vitality, elevates mood,
decreases pain, aids in memory and learning

A

phe

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29
Q

Treating arthritis and depression

A

phe

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30
Q

Used by the brain to produce norepinephrine that
transmits signals between nerve cells

A

PHE

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31
Q

Plays a key role in the biosynthesis of other amino
acids

A

PHE

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32
Q

C4H9NO3

A

THREONINE

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33
Q

Alcohol containing amino acid that is an important
component in the formation of collagen, elastin and
tooth enamel.

A

THREO

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34
Q

Collagen, elastin, and enamel
○ Neurotransmitters
○ Protein balance
○ Liver function
○ Metabolism of Porphyrins and fats

A

THREO

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35
Q

Production of neurotransmitters and health of the
nervous system

A

threo

36
Q

Maintain proper protein balance in the body and aids
in liver function, metabolism, and assimilation.

A

threo

37
Q

C11H12N2O2

A

TRYP

38
Q

Formed from proteins during digestion by the action of
proteolytic enzymes
● Metabolic precursor for serotonin and melatonin

A

tryp

39
Q

Metabolic precursor
○ Serotonin and Melatonin
○ Natural Relaxant
○ Niacin Production

A

TRYP

40
Q

Alleviation of insomnia by inducing sleep, soothes
anxiety, reduces depression

A

TRYP

41
Q

Reduce appetite
○ Aid in weight control
● Control hyperactivity
○ In children

A

TRYP

42
Q

Involved in the energy-producing breakdown of
glucose

simplest amino acid is a product of the
breakdown of DNA or the dipeptides, anserine and
carnosine, and the conversion of pyruvate
(carbohydrate)

A

ALA

43
Q

Transferring of nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the
liver
● Strengthens the immune system

A

ALA

44
Q

Reducing the buildup of toxic substances released
when muscle protein is broken down quickly to meet
the energy demands of the body

A

ALA

45
Q

most abundant amino acids involved in the
transport of nitrogen

A

aspargine

46
Q

Converting one amino acid into another via amination or via transamination

A

aspargine

47
Q

process by which an amine
group is introduced into an organic molecule

A

amination

48
Q

reaction wherein an
amino acid from one group is transferred to
an alpha ketoacid

A

transamination

49
Q

Required by the nervous system
● Plays an important role in the synthesis of ammonia

A

asparagine

50
Q

alanine with one of the β-hydrogens replaced by a
carboxylic acid group
● Synthesized from oxaloacetate through transamination
● A metabolite in the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle

A

aspartic acid

51
Q

Generation of glucose from nonsugar substrates
○ In the process of gluconeogenesis
● Synthesis of some amino acids

A

ASPARTIC

52
Q

metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in
gluconeogenesis

A

aspartic acid

53
Q

May be essential for infants, the elderly, and
individuals with certain metabolic diseases or
malabsorption syndrome

A

CYS

54
Q

Potentially toxic, it is absorbed during digestion as
cystine, which is more stable in the gastrointestinal
tract and less toxic.

A

CYS

55
Q

Structural and functional component of many proteins
and enzymes and has significant antioxidant
properties

A

CYS

56
Q

● A constituent in the food, pharmaceutical, and
personal care industries

A

CYS

57
Q

is synthesized from a number of amino
acids, and when an amino group is added to glutamic
acid, it forms the important amino acid, glutamine.
● Net negative charge by pH

A

GLUTAMATE

58
Q

Neurotransmitter, and its dysregulation has been
linked to epileptic seizures.
● Metabolism of sugars and fats
● Transport of potassium into spinal fluid.

A

GLU

59
Q

Present in foods responsible for the basic human
sense of taste (umami)

A

GLU

60
Q

Used as a food additive and flavor enhancer in the
form of its sodium salt

A

MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE

61
Q

It is derived from your glutamic acid when you add an amino group to it.
● Most abundant amino acid in the body.

A

GLN

62
Q

converted to glucose when more glucose
is required for energy and aids in immune function

A

GLN

63
Q

Acting as the basis of the building blocks for synthesis
of RNA and DNA

A

GLN

64
Q

Renal maintenance of the acid-base balance,
● Providing fuel for healthy digestive tract
● Source of cellular energy and aids in immune function

A

GLN

65
Q

Transport ammonia (byproduct of protein breakdown)
to the liver for metabolism, converts into urea, and
excreted by the kidneys

A

GLN

66
Q

The treatment of serious illnesses, injury, trauma,
burns, cancer treatment-related side effects, and
wound healing for postoperative patients

A

GLN

67
Q

marketed as a supplement used for
muscle growth in weightlifting and bodybuilding

A

GLN

68
Q

Synthesized from serine
● Is the only amino acid that is not active because it has
no stereoisomers

A

GLY

69
Q

Synthesis of nucleic acids, bile acids, proteins,
peptides, purines, ATP, porphyrins, hemoglobin,
glutathione, creatine, bile salts, glucose, glycogen,
and other amino acids

A

GLY

70
Q

Retards muscle degeneration, improves glycogen
storage, and promotes healing

A

GLY

71
Q

Help in the detoxification (liver) of compounds and to
help in the synthesis of bile acids
● An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

A

GLY

72
Q

Produced from glutamine and is the precursor for
hydroxyproline

A

pro

73
Q

is manufactured into collagen,
tendons, ligaments, and cardiac tissue.

A

hydroxyproline

74
Q

Wound healing
● Function in tandem with Vitamin C to promote healthy
connective tissues.

A

PROLINE

75
Q

Wound healing
● Function in tandem with Vitamin C to promote healthy
connective tissues.

A

PROLINE

76
Q

Synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, which is an
intermediate in glycolysis

A

SERINE

77
Q

Needed in lipid and fatty acids metabolism.
● Highly concentrated in all cell membranes, is a
component of the protective myelin sheaths
surrounding nerve fibers.

A

ser

78
Q

Production of antibodies

A

LYSINE
SERINE

79
Q

Metabolically synthesized from phenylalanine

Precursor of the adrenal hormones epinephrine,
norepinephrine dopamine, and thyroid hormones
(thyroxine).

A

tyrosine

80
Q

Overall metabolism and aiding in function of the
adrenal glands, thyroid, and pituitary glands.
● Acts as a mood elevator, useful in the treatment of
chronic fatigue, narcolepsy, anxiety, depression, low
sex drive, allergies, and headaches.

A

tyrosine

81
Q

Encoded by a UGA codon (a stop codon)

Selenium analog of cysteine, wherein the selenium
atom replaces the sulfur in cysteine.

Present in several enzymes, such as formate
dehydrogenases, glycine reductases, and some
hydrogenases.

A

SELENOCYSTEINE

82
Q

HIV-1 encodes a functional selenoprotein, and
patients with HIV infection have been shown to have a
lower-than-average blood plasma selenium level

A

selenocysteine

83
Q

Encoded by the UAG codon

A

PYRROLYSINE

84
Q

This amino acid is not present in humans and only in
prokaryotic and single-celled microorganisms – part of
methane-producing metabolism.

A

pyrrolysine

85
Q

One of the basic amino acids because of the presence of imidazole side chain

A

HISTIDINE

86
Q

Large, complex molecules comprised of 200 to 300
amino acids. In humans, there are 20 different amino
acids used in the synthesis of proteins.

A

proteins

87
Q

Made up of ONLY amino acids

A

simple proteins

CC LEC (3 decks)

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