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Biochemistry Second Year > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acids with a charged side chain

A
  1. Lysine
  2. Arginine
  3. Histidine
  4. Aspartate
  5. Glutamate
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2
Q

Histidine

A

May be positively charged or neutral depending on the environment.

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3
Q

Arginine and lysine

A

Have +ve charged side chains

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4
Q

Aspartate and glutamate

A

Have -ve charged side groups.

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5
Q

Aspartate and glutamate are acidic in nature because they have a negative charge on the carboxylic acid functional group.

A

True true related

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6
Q

Methionine

A

Prevents fatty infiltration of the liver

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7
Q

Methionine

A

It prevents fatty acid infiltration into the liver

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8
Q

Cysteine and methylcysteine

A

Play a major role in wound healing

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9
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Used as a mucolytic

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10
Q

Acetylcysteine and methionine

A

Used as an antidote to treat paracetamol poisoning

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11
Q

5 hydroxyproline

A

1.A derivative of proline
2. Found in plant cell walls and collagen

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12
Q

5 hydroxylysine

A
  1. Derivative of lysine
  2. Found un collagen
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13
Q

6-N methyllysine

A
  1. Derivative of myosin
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14
Q

Carboxyglutamate

A

Found in prothrombin

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15
Q

Desmosine

A

Derived from 4 lysine residues found in the fibrous protein elastin

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16
Q

Selnocysteine

A
  1. Derived from serine
  2. Contains selenium
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17
Q

Citrulline and ornithine

A

Play an important role in the biosynthesis of arginine and the urea cycle

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18
Q

When the NH3 group is projected to the right, the amino acid has

A

D configuration

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19
Q

When the amino group is projected to the left, the amino acid has

A

An L configuration

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20
Q

All amino acids of animal proteins are of L configuration

A

True

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21
Q

D- alanine and D glutamic acid occur

A

In bacterial cell wall

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22
Q

D-alanine , D glutamic acid, and D ornithine are found in

A

Bacitracin

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23
Q

Polymyxins contain

A

D phenylalanine

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24
Q

Glycine, aspartic and glutamic acids

A

Serve as neurotransmitters

25
Q

Glycine

A

Sometimes, combined with antacids to treat gastric irritation due to the buffering activity of the amino group

26
Q

Carnosine

A

B alanine + histidine

27
Q

Anserine

A

B alanine + 1 methylhistidine

28
Q

B alanine

A

Is not found in proteins

29
Q

Valine, leucine and isoleucine

A

Are essential amino acids that must be taken in diet

30
Q

Valine leucine and isoleucine

A

Are also known as the branched chain amino acids

31
Q

Proline

A

The side chain is bonded to the amino group, and the a carbon to form cyclo pente ring

32
Q

Tyrosine and tryptophan are more polar than phenylalanine

A

Because of the hydroxy group in tyrosine and the N in tryptophan

33
Q

Catecholamines are formed from dihydrophenylalanine( DOPA)

A

Egs
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline

34
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

This is where taking a certain medication leads to the build-up of serotonin in the body. This can cause diarrhoea, fever, and muscle rigidity

35
Q

Serotonylation

A

This is where serotonin forms long-lasting covalent bonds with their protein substrates

36
Q

Lysine

A

Us3d as an adjunct to mercurial diuretics in the treatment of fluid retention

37
Q

Methionine

A

It acts as a methyl donor in rnxs

38
Q

Demethylated methionine produces

A

Homocysteine

39
Q

Methionine has a lipotropic action

A

Prevents fatty infiltration into the liver

40
Q

4- hydroxyproline

A

A derivative of proline in plant cell wall and collagen

41
Q

5 hydroxylysine

A

Derived from lysine - in collagen

42
Q

The charge of a peptide bond is not from the peptide bond but from

A

A. The free carboxylic group
B. The free amino group
C. Any ionised group in the side chain

43
Q

Glutathione

A
  1. Glutamic acid
  2. Glycine
  3. Cysteine
44
Q

Oxidised glutathione

A

It is formed when two glutathione units join at their SH groups

45
Q

Proteins are

A

Linear polymers of monomeric units called amino acids

46
Q

Protective role of proteins

A

Immunoglobulin and interferon act against viral or bacterial infection

47
Q

Primary structure of proteins

A

This is the sequence of amino acids in the protein

48
Q

Examples of proteins containing alpha helices include

A

Keratins in the hair, skin, and porcupine quills

49
Q

B turns

A

Like successive runs of alpha helices or beta conformation

50
Q

Alpha keratin and beta keratin

A

Alpha keratin- mammals
Beta keratin - birds and reptiles

51
Q

Keratin

A

Consists of 2 alpha helices that have been wounded together to form a 2 two chain coiled coil

52
Q

Haemoglobin variants

A

May function normally or abnormally depending on the nature and position of substitution.

53
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

An antitumor that can relieve pain

54
Q

Deposits of misfolded proteind

A

Amyloidosed

55
Q

Transthyretin

A

Carries thyroxine and vitamin A to different parts of the body.

56
Q

IgM

A

Pentamer

57
Q

Hbs and HbC

A

Are caused by production of mutated hb

58
Q

Thalassemia

A

Occurs due to the production of insufficient amounts of normal haemoglobin.

Biochemistry Second Year (7 decks)

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