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Irene Gold Chemistry > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

There are how many amino acids?

A

20

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2
Q

All amino acids exist in what form?Are there any exceptions?

A

L form
Glycine is an exception

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3
Q

Why is glycine not in the L-form?

A

It does NOT have a chiral carbon.

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4
Q

What is a chiral carbon?

A

A carbon with different compounds at each binding site.

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5
Q

All amino acids are

A

amphoteric

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6
Q

Amphoteric means they can act as?

A

Acid or Base

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7
Q

What determines the function of the amino acid?

A

R group or side chain

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8
Q

What are the essential amino acids? PVT TIM HALL

A

phenylalanine
valine
tryptophan
threonine
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
arginine
leucine
lysine

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9
Q

What is essential in a CHILD but NOT in adult?

A

histidine

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10
Q

What are the purely KETOGENIC amino acids? (degraded into acetyl coA)

A

leucine and lysine

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11
Q

What is a precursor to carnitine

A

lysine

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12
Q

Carnitine takes what into the mitochondria and for what?

A

FA for Beta Oxidation

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13
Q

What are the AROMATIC amino acids? (aromatic ring in side chain)

A

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

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14
Q

Which 2 aromatic AAs are essential

A

phenylalanine and tryptophan

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15
Q

What are the SULFUR containing amino acids?

A

cysteine, methionine, cystine

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16
Q

A cystine is

A

2 cysteines linked together

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17
Q

What are the BRANCHED CHAIN amino acids

A

isoleucine, leucine, valine

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18
Q

What disease is due to the inability to break down branched chain AA

A

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

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19
Q

What are the ACIDIC amino acids?

A

aspartate and glutamate

20
Q

Aspartame contains aspartic acid. Excess would be

A

neurotoxic

21
Q

Basic amino acids are the greatest positive net charge + at

A

normal pH of blood

22
Q

Protein Source: WHEAT
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

A

Protein Source:
What is the limiting Amino AcidLysine

23
Q

Protein Source: RICE
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

A

lysine

24
Q

Protein Source: LEGUMES
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

A

tryptophan

25
Q

Protein Source: MAIZE
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

A

lysine and tryptophan

26
Q

Protein Source: PULSES
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

A

methionine or cysteine

27
Q

Protein Source: EGG and CHICKEN
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

A

NONE

28
Q

Phenylalanine -→

A

Tyrosine

29
Q

Deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase =

A

Phenylketonuria = PKU

can’t convert to tyrosine

30
Q

Tyrosine -→ L Dopa -→ DOPAM_INE -→_

A

dopamine -→ norepinephrine -→ epinephrine (catecholamines)

31
Q

Tyrosine -→ L Dopa -→ skin pigmentation

A

-→ melanin

32
Q

If you can’t convert L Dopa -→ Melanin what happens?

A

Albinism

33
Q

Tyrosine -→ T?

A

T3 and T4

34
Q

Tryptophan -→ serotonin and niacin

A

Tryptophan -→ serotonin -→ melatonin

Tryptophan -→ niacin -→ nicotinamide

35
Q

For every 10 kg of body weight you need _ g of protein

A

10 kg BW = 8g of protein

36
Q

Isoelectric Point

A

= pH when an amino acid has no net electrical charge

it is neutral

37
Q

Glutathione is a tripeptide of ?

A

Glycine + Glutamate + Cysteine

38
Q

Selenium is a mineral enzyme of

A

Glutathione Peroxidase

39
Q

Insulin

A

= 2 polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bond

40
Q

Polypeptide hormones include

A

insulin and glucagon

41
Q

Catecholamine includes

A

epi, norepi, dopamine

42
Q

Steroid includes

A

testosterone, cortisol, estrogen, progesterone

43
Q

An amino acid is characterized by the presence of ?

A

AMINE NH2

44
Q

An essential amino acid __ be synthesized by the body

A

CANNOT

45
Q

The non-essential amino acids are manufactured where?

A

LIVER

Irene Gold Chemistry (5 decks)

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