Amines

Question 1

How are amines named?

Answer 1

the suffix -amine is added to the name of the alkyl group. In a secondary or tertiary amine, the groups are named as N-substituted derivatives of the larger group.

e.g methyl ethyl isopropylamine

Question 2

What gives amines most of their chemical properties?

Answer 2

the unbound pair of electrons

Question 3

Are amines electrophiles or nucleophiles?

Answer 3

Good nucleophiles (proton accepting)

Question 4

What property determines the relative basicity of amines?

Answer 4

the stability of the amine in relation to the cation

the more stabilised, the less basic

Question 5

What is the effect of H bonds on amines?

Answer 5

generation of a dipole moment due to slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative nitrogen

Question 6

When do the solubility of quaternary salts decrease?

Answer 6

with increasing weight

Question 7

How are amides produced?

Answer 7

reaction of primary and secondary amines with carboxylic acids and their derivatives

Question 8

Why is their restricted rotation in amide C-N bond?

Answer 8

Partial double bond character of the C-N bond.

Question 9

What two reactions make use of the nucleophilic character of the electrons in nitrogen?

Answer 9

Amide formation and alkylation

Question 10

What groups can increase the availability of the unbonded electron pair in amines?

Answer 10

Electron releasing groups (alkyl groups)

Question 11

Why do substituents attached to aromatic rings reduce the basicity of amines?

Answer 11

the electron withdrawing group removes electrons from the ring which is turn are taken from the Nitrogen.