Aldehydes And Ketones Flashcards
What functional group do aldehydes and ketones contain?
Carbonyl group
How do you name aldehydes and ketones?
Replace -e of alkane with -al for aldehydes and -one for ketones.
What are the two resonance forms of the carbonyl group?
Cδ+ and Oδ-
or
C+ and O-
How can reactions involving the carbonyl group be nucleophilic OR electrophilic?
Opposite charges attract, so nucleophiles attack the δ+ carbon.
Electrophiles attack the δ- oxygen altering C=C bond character.
What is the α-hydrogen?
The α-hydrogen is the H attached to the C next to the C=O bond.
What affects the acidity of the α-hydrogen and why?
The acidity of the α-hydrogen is increased if it is between 2 carbonyl groups.
This is due to resonance stabilisations of the α-carbanion formed.
Can carbonyl groups be involved in hydrogen bonding?
The oxygen of the C=O can form H bonds with hydrogens attached to other electronegative atoms like oxygen/nitrogen.
What is the common name for ethanal?
Acetaldehyde
What is the common name for propanone?
Acetone
What is the common name for 2-pentanone?
Methyl propyl ketone
How are imines formed?
When an aldehyde or ketone reacts with a primary amine.
What is the functional group of an imine?
The carbonyl group of the aldehyde or ketone is replaced with C=N—R group.
How are enamines formed?
When an aldehyde or ketone reacts with a secondary amine.
How are acetals (ketals) formed?
Condensation of two alcohol molecules with an aldehyde or a ketone.
What is the functional group of an acetal?
Two ether groups joined to a carbon bearing a hydrogen and an alkyl group.
