Amines Flashcards
Primary amine
The nitrogen atom is attached to one carbon chain
how are amines named if the -NH2 is on carbon 1
alkylamine
how are amines names if the -NH2 is on any carbon besides carbon 1
-aminoalkane
How do you name compounds where two or more different groups are attached to a nitrogen atom
N-substituted derivative of the larger group
Why do amines have a high boiling temperature
There are hydrogen bonds between molecules of an amine as they have a polar N-H bond
Why does ethylamine dissolve in water
It can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules because is has a polar N-H bond
Why are amines less soluble in water as the relative molecular mass increases
As the molar mass increases, the non-polar hydrocarbon chain which is insoluble becomes larger. Therefore solubility decreases
What are the two ways primary aliphatic amines are prepared
By the reaction of ammonia with halogenoalkanes and by the reduction of nitriles
What are the reagents, conditions and the mechanism for the reaction of ammonia with halogenoalkanes
Reagent - excess ammonia dissolved in ethanol
Conditions - Heat under pressure in a sealed tube
Mechanism - Nucleophilic substitution
Why is ammonia dissolved in ethanol when reacting with a halogenoalkane
To prevent halogenoalkane reacting with water as water is a nucleophile.
Alcohol is also formed
Why is excess ammonia used when reacting with a halogenoalkane
To prevent further substitution of the amine group to form secondary and tertiary amines
Reagents and conditions needed for the reduction of nitriles to amines
Reagents : H2/Ni
Conditions : High temperature, high pressure
What is the equation for the reduction of propanenitrile to propylamine
CH3CH2CN + 2H2 = CH3CH2CH2NH2
How are aromatic amines prepared
By the reduction of nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene
Reagents, conditions and reaction for nitrobenzene into phenylamine
Reagents: Sn/HCL
Conditions : Heat under reflux
Reaction : Reduction
